Please blog one comment analyzing Part 1 using either a Reading Thought or Thinking Like a Historian. You may also make a comment about a colleagues blog.
Wachong Thor Throughout section 1, i visualized the appearance of the Continental Army versus the British Army. The Continental Army had no matching uniforms and the generals had to mark themselves so that they could be recognized. On the other side, the British Army had their bright red matching uniforms. I never really thought or remember about the Continental Army being disorganized. It contradicted what I presently thought about the army. People during the time of the Revolutionary Warsaw themselves as loyal to the king or a patriot who wants to separate from the King. This impacted their ations simply by fighting or not or aiding the British or not. A choice that affected the king to send more troops occurred at Boston and Dorchester Heights. It presented a stronger force was ahead of him.
Ramsey Beilke- While reading section 1 I was really struck at how massive the conflict really was. To have near 14,000 troops manning cannons would be a formidable sight as well as a very deterring one. These huge numbers were somewhat offset by the heroics of a few people, namely, Henry Knox. His actions as a single person in charge of some troops caused a huge turning point in the siege that ultimately one them the conflict in Boston. Another thing that came to my attention while reading was how impractical the siege was. While it was of great importance to the war, most sieges suffer greatly during the winter months, and the fact that so many troops did end up staying during the winter really shows the courage and moral of the army. It seemed to me that the next section will have a more negative feel. I think I understood it right when it said that Washington's army was marching for New York and the British were landing in Halifax. It is weird that British would land there since it is so far away from New York where the Continental Army is going. But if the British went down the St. Lawrence(I think)river the could attack New York from its flank which would be bad for the Continental Army.
Commenting on Wachong's Post- I also found it contradicting that they were not organized. I knew they weren't before, but I remember learning sometime that they were trained by a French guy. Maybe that happens later. I think that you are right about the peoples' loyalties playing a part in the decision to bring more troops, and had it not played out as it had with the amount of people being loyal to the crown we might have lost the war. Because had more people fought for freedom on our side, the king would have sent many more troops and the continental army would have been overpowered.
Ramsey, Some good insights. Maybe you are referring to Lafayette, but more likely it was the German, Von Steuben who did the training of the troops later on at Valley Forge. Thank you for commenting and following up on Wachong's comments.
Reading Thoughts: (This was before I read it) Preview/Predict- At the beginning the title of this chapter/part is "Sovereign Duty". I was just thinking that maybe this could be the king's view or maybe it was General Washington's view. The King's because he felt that it was his sovereign duty to bring the Americans into "line" with his country. I thought Washington's because because maybe he thought it was his sovereign duty to unite the people and lead them to independence. Questions: What caused the Americans to revolt/rebel against the king when everything was "perfect"? (I know the answer- taxes- but this leads to my connection:) Connection: Today we are still "feuding" over the taxes on many of our daily goods like our groceries and gas. Visualize: I thought that I had a very good visualization on page 56, where everyone got together for a war conference and they were all sitting around the fireplace with Benjamin Franklin and everyone discussing the tactics that could be used.
Thinking Like A Historian: Cause and Effect: -I was amazed at the idea of one side taking control of a hill (Dorchester Heights) and gaining the upper hand in the fight. I didn't really think of how, to be standing on top of Dorchester Heights, you would be able to see the whole town and harbor. It was cool how they did that in the middle of the night and then the next morning none of the British soldiers thought anything of it; until they were forced out of there!(haha) Using The Past: I think that we should be able to see from our past wars and feuds that fighting a war brings much blood shed and heartbreak, the ultimate being the loss of life.
-Another point is that our government (right now) is deciding on tax obligations that would benefit their party not the entire country as a whole; isn't that was King George did? And look how well that ended...
My favorite phrase(Pg 11): "He hoped his people in America would see the light, and recognize 'that to be a subject of Great Britain, with all its consequences, is to be the freest member of any civil society in the know world.'"
Comment on Ramsey's Post: I agree with you; I was amazed at how this rag-tag bunch of farmers and tradesmen could pull together and defeat someone as strong as the king and his forces. I was also thinking that if the British soldiers didn't kill the Americans then the harsh winters would make it almost unbearable; and the fact that they didn't have proper shelter was also one of the things that made me think that things weren't going to get much better. But I guess in the end, true belief in a cause trumps all that the world has to throw at you. The perseverance of those Americans brought us to where we are today: being able to freely practice what we believe in and standing up for what we believe in.
Kelli, I totally agree with your opinion on the Dorchester Heights. The British completely disregarded how intelligent the Americans' army could be, especially when their spy Junius told them about the army planning to "'bombard the town from Dorchester'" (91) and they completely ignored it.
Preview/Predict: Looking forward into chapter one of part one, I saw King George III's name mentioned many times. This (along with the short song starting off the chapter) leads me to believe that the first chapter will be about King George III and his royal doings before the Revolution. Chapter two in part one appeared to be widely about Washington and other generals (or other military positions), particularly General Nathanael Greene, who is quoted at the beginning of the chapter. It is clear that Greene had great respect for Washington. The final chapter in part one looks like it will be about Dorchester Heights, which (when researched) turned out to be originally in the hands of the British army but was taken by Washington when the British left for Halifax, ending in the possession of Boston for the U.S. for nearly the rest of the Revolution.
Change and Continuity: What has changed? The governmental system of Britain has changed from the 1770's until now, changing from a powerful monarchy into a constitutional monarchy in which the monarch's powers are limited and decisions such as passing laws, approving taxes, and debating daily issues are made by Parliament. Also, the head of the government and appointer or department ministers is now the Prime Minister, whereas back then King George III was ruler of most power. What has remained the same? The governmental similarity in Britain from the 1770's to today is that they still have a monarchy, and that the monarch is still from the royal bloodline. Who has benefitted from the change? Who has not? In my opinion, the people have benefitted from the change in governmental system because now there are multiple groups of different people making decisions so that the government can be positively affected by the collaboration of government officials instead of one supreme decision decided by usually one person. I would say that no one has really been afflicted by this change, except for maybe a bit for the royal family. Their once unlimited power has been scaled back to a condensed set of decisions they can make. But honestly, who are they to complain? They can still make some decisions, they're filthy rich, and without as many decisions to make, they can relax a bit more.
Evaluation: Matching/Contradicting Information? In chapter one, I stumbled upon some information that contradicted what I had found in earlier research. The book had nothing but good things to say about King George, calling him good-natured and well liked by his people. In my research, he was said to have wanted a more supreme monarchy than his father and grandfather, and that his stacking of Parliamentary voters on his side upset the public. I wonder if the book may have been leaving that out. Chapter two’s information about the quality of the American army definitely stayed true to what I had learned in the past. There were also a few things that I didn’t know, such as the fact that so many diseases spread throughout the camp. Also, I had always thought that everyone had the same type of weapons, when in reality they had a variety of different guns. The only confusion with prior knowledge I had during chapter three was that General Washington wasn’t the best general out there. This surprised me because in past references to his time as a general, he seemed like he was put on a higher level than all of the rest.
Cause and Effect: What were the causes of past events? The cause of the American Revolution was the colonists’ growing desire for independence from England. What were the effects? The effect of this want was the rising up of an army in the colonies and the beginning of the Revolution. Who or what made the change happen? Various officials, namely George Washington, made the Revolution happen. Who supported and who didn’t support the change? The vast majority of the colonists and many distinguished generals in the French and Indian War supported the Revolution, while Britain and its people along with Loyalists didn’t. Which effects were intentional, which were accidental? The biggest intentional effect of the Revolution was the colonies’ splitting off from the Britain and gaining their independence. The accidental (and unfortunate) effect was the many casualties due to disease, death by the British, starvation, and hypothermia during the American Revolution.
Importance:I felt as if the importance of this section is winning of Bunker Hill. As Bunker Hill was being occupied by the British, the American were being busy deciding how to take Bunker Hill. It was pretty impressive of Washington military Tactics to conquering Bunker Hill. Even though Washington Army conquer Bunker Hill, it felt as if they were over confident,
Predict: I predict as if the battle that Washington Army had won at Bunker Hill, gave them confident. To me, I believe with there new re-found confident, they will be over confident and we will lose a couple of battle in the next section.
Commenting on Kelli Hughes post- I hate thinking about the taxes. It is wild thing about taxes. But going about King George, that didn't get him far. Intersecting thought about taxes and relating it to military tactics.
Reading Thoughts: In the beginning of the book I had great difficulty in getting into the book therefore making it very tough to read. One thing that grabbed my attention was Howe's disregard for what Washington was doing during the war. Today, because of many great "upsets" in sports and throughout history this is less likely to happen because leaders always have more respect for one another’s abilities so they don’t often make the mistake of not at least attempting to "scout" their opponents. Another thought that I had about the reading was the decision of Howe being the commander-in-chief for the British. It appeared that Montresor would have been a better fit due to his knowledge of America. However since he wasn’t an aristocrat he wasn’t given the job. This made me think about what if Ted Thompson and Mike McCarthy, of the Green Bay Packers, had made the decision to go with, the more popular pick, Brett Favre? Would the Packers have won the Super Bowl this year? If Montresor had been selected, would we have won the war? Reading Like a Historian: Turning Points, General Washington’s decision to work vigorously on Dorchester Heights was very important because it made Howe retreat back to Boston and that in turn forced the British to leave Boston. When the British retreated from Boston it gave more than just control of the city, it also gave hope to both the American soldiers and the American people. Change and Continuity, during this section the momentum shifted from the British more so to the Americans in some ways. The Americans seriously “injured” the British forces in the Battle of Bunker Hill and also they forced the British out of Boston via the “victory” at Dorchester Heights. However, America suffered a minor blow when the enlistments of soldiers began to expire. Many soldiers could not be convinced to stay so they left (to make matters worse many took home their muskets which was important because supplies were already running very thin).
James Paul Vang, I disagree with your statement on the importance of the section coming in the Battle of Bunker Hill. In my opinion the Dorchester Heights "victory" was more of a pivotal point because I believe that is where Washington thoroughly displayed his impressive military tactics. He did this in such a way that he even "scared" Howe into retreating. (I know that it never said that is exactly what happened but I am inferring that is part of why he ordered the retreat).
Through their eyes: As I read section 1 there was continually this sense of helplessness that I could not get over and many people would be..well duh Corinna, the 13 colonies are waging war on on a large european power. For some reason this just didnt seem like the answer then I came across a quote. James warren, president of the Mass Assembly wrote, "Things hereabouts remain in pretty much the same situation, we look at their lines and they view ours....They want courage to attack us and we want powder to attack them and so there is no attack on either side."(p.56) This point in the war did not see much action and I believe part of it was due to fear. Washington was ready to make a move but it's obvious that the British were hiding something, perhaps the fear of looking an embarrasing defeat in the face? The British army was filled with grandeur but I do believe that even at the beggining of the war they had come to the realization that they met their match, no uniforms, unorginization and all.
Connections: I had to make a comment about the machiavellian reference made in the first chapter. In the House of Commons were Britians best politicians gathering and voicing how absurd the acts of the "rebels" were. John Wilkes stated,"We are fighting for subjection, the unconditional submission of a country more extended than our own, of which every day increases the wealth, the natural strength,the population. Should we not succeed...we shall be considered as their most implacable enemies, an eternal separation will follow, and the grandeur of the British empire pass away."(p.15)This rebellion was seen by Britain more as a protest in need of reprimand rather than a declaration against everything British. George Johnston goes on to say, "Every Machiavellian policy is now to be vindicated towards the people of America"(p.15) Now for those who are unfamiliar with Machiavelli b.1469 he was an Italian philosopher with an different approach to politics. In 1513 he published II Principe (The Prince) which is most likely the work Johnston was refering to. It was machiavelli's treatise involving how a prince should rule his principality successfully and brought disgust even to the royal Medici family. For Britian to claim such on America was in itself asking for war.
Turning Points: Although it is obvious that Dorchester Heights was a turning point I believe there was an even greater one, the moment Americans knew this war meant total sovereignty. We could ideally mark this at the moment Thomas Paine published Common Sense. The pamphlet was one of the fasted circulated in American history and brought forth arguments for freedom and what it would give to the American people. Paine wrote, "The sun never shined on a cause of greater worth.",and "Everything that is right or reasonable pleads separation."(p.112) Washington in his last letter to Joseph Reed while at Cambridge wrote, "I find Common Sense is working a powerful change there in the minds of many men."(p.112)It is possible that Paine set the stage for a new purpose of the Revolutionary War.
Jake, I agree with you on the fact that Howe did "disreguard" Washington most likely due to the fact he underestimated him and his army. Although I do have to note that i also believe leaders tend to gravitate more towards marking their enimies weaknessess and this in history has often proved fatal.
Questions: opps sorry I forgot one. While reading the passage I was confused as to why the British chose New York as their destination, perhaps I missed it in the text?
(Corinna): I also had that question about why the British chose New York. Maybe I missed that too but I don't remember that either.
Predict/Preview: At the beginning of Part 1 when I read the title The Siege, I thought that this part was going to be more about the battles that ensued as the the British arrived in the colonies. As I read on though the book seemed to be more biographical because it seems it was more about individuals involved in different parts of the American Army than the army as a whole.
Questions: What would have caused a normal colonist at the time, let's says a farmer, to leave their family and go join the army if their farm job is going well?
Change and continuity: Since the beginning of the book a lot has changed citizens are joining the rebel army because they are sick of the taxes being pressed on them. More British troops are being sent to the colonies because the rebel forces are growing. The british continue to control the colonies, while the rebel army is still getting organized. Neither side has really benifited from the change in the colonies.
Visualize: David McCullough did a very good job at describing the town of Boston when it was being siege. As I read the part on how it says "A few of the men came to shore...some without legs, and others without arms; and their clothes hanging on them" (8); here it really shows how the inhabitants of Boston was living because it was describe as melancholy, disease, and death. Here it really shows how the picture of the town is.
Question: I wonder why the King remained popular in the country when the Americans are trying to take Boston? How did bribery become a stander mercenary system?
Turning Points: When the King receive information on how Boston was doing, he decide to sent more reinforcement to help the his loyalist people in Boston.
Using the past: When we go back to bribery, favoritism and all those other topics, it relates to the present because there is still use of favoritism and bribery in the political world. From bribery and favoritism we have learn that in order to stay in power they must use every way to stay in power.
Commenting on Nate Kitchell: I also have the same prediction that section one was going to be all about battle, but later on it was more about individuals to the two sides.
Cause and Effect: The battle at Boston was the effect of the careful planning of Washington. Throughout the winter at Boston, many of the soldiers that occupied the area were taking a toll from the weather, and thus helped Washington in his attempt to control the area, as the British were in need of supplies for quite sometime. The intentional act of the plan to fire upon the British to mask the noise of the work the soldiers were doing to prepare Dorchester Point was very astonishing, and put them in the position to defeat the British in Boston. The effect of this careful planning and the move to attack came at the expense of the Boston soldiers surrendering the area and being forced to leave, doing all sorts of damage to the spirits of the soldiers and the British attitude towards the war.
Turning Points: The choice for the British to stay in such cold and frigid areas as they did (also American soldiers) would hurt the army as a whole, making them vulnerable to disease and other problems from the lack of preparation. Another decision that will impact the next section is the fact that the British were in such a hurry to flee the area, they did a poor job of destroying any possible supplies that would be left behind for Washington and his troops.
This was a very interesting section from the viewpoint of the Americans. There wasn't much for them to go off of, and from the lack of experience and many other troubles, they still captured Boston from the British. This amazing feat surly brought up America's spirit.
Question: What would have happened if Dorchester wasn't a success? How would the soldiers react? How would the governments react?
Commenting on Corinna Martell: All I could really interpret from the move for New York was that it was just the next logical move in the war. It must have posed a great spot for the military to control and battle on. I guess it was a little fuzzy for me too, but it had just said that both sides were looking at moving all operation to New York at one time or another.
Reading thoughts: Before even starting the first page of this section, i realized that i had no idea what the word "Siege" meant. So i decided to look it up, and found that it meant "the act or process of surrounding and attacking a fortified place in such a way as to isolate it from help and supplies, for the purpose of lessening the resistance of the defenders and thereby making capture possible." (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/siege). That made a lot of sense after reading this section and proved to be very helpful knowing the meaning of "Siege".
I am a very visual person, so before even starting the first section, I looked over all the pictures to try and put the time period in better perspective. Everything McCullough talks about, he goes into so much detail, For example, the first five pages were all details about King George III and the revolution. I realized that I didn't really know King George III very well, so I looked him up, and I found out that he was only 22 years old. That is pretty crazy to be so young, but have so much responsibility! Not only was he so young when he had the throne, but he also kept it for about 50 years!
Turning Points: The battle at bunker hill gave colonists a boost of confidence that carried with them the rest of the war. The British lost almost twice as many men as the colonists, and even though they had won the battle, the British could never break the resistance of Boston.
Cause and effect: I thought it was a little ridiculous that Germain charged the Earl of Dartmouth with disobedience because he was "slow" at getting things done. I think that maybe the court wanted him out for a different reason that know one knows about. The effect of him being discharged for further service, is that he became a politician, and directed many operations of the war anyway, however, he always remained unassertive.
Questions: I wonder that since King George had no real experience because of his age, if anyone ever took advantage of that? Why didn't Howe ever care who the enemy leader was? I also wonder that if the "infectious filth" hadn't taken over Washington's army, if more of the solders would've reenlisted.
Responding to Dustin's Comment: It is very easy to see that ever since the Americans captured Boston from Britain, it brought up their confidence level a lot, and thats just what they needed going into this war.
Visualization: One event that grabbed my imagination most was General Knox's "artillery train," the 58 mortars and cannons moving across Lake George, one of the boats having to be pulled, people coming to see the cannons as said on page 96, "We found that very few, even among the oldest inhabitants, had ever seen a cannon." This seemed to have an affect on me, for now I wish to see how else the author describes various events.
Importance: An event that I feel plays a pivotal roll in the war was the rebels attempting to hide the preparing of the battle of Dorchester. Would it have succeeded if the British found out about the attack before the rebels were prepared? In my speculation, it would not because failure here most likely meant defeat of the rebel forces, thus ensuring British domination.
Through Their Eyes: Imagine what it could have been like to be in Boston during this time of attack; the roar of the cannons, the sight of people fleeing for safety, the smell of gunpowder wafting in the air, it would have been a very dramatic scene and I for one would be scared out of my mind.
Differing Perspectives: It is an interesting experience to see the view of the rebels, trying to fight what they thought of as a great injustice. However I wonder what the British side of this view would be? If one was to guess, I would guess that it would, to the British, be a betrayal to not just country, but to the King as well, the greatest injustice that needed to be stamped out immediately.
Commenting on Chang Lee's question about the King of England: The King remained popular because the King was thought of as a god, sent down from heaven to guide his people, and this acted as much as a leadership as it did as a religion (which the King also dictated), and people are very committed to religion, especially back then when there was so much more unknown. That might explain part of the reason why the King remained so favored.
Connections: Howe, after finding the rebels occupying Dorchester heights, claimed that "the rebels did in one night what I could not make my army do in 3 months". The rebels were so driven for this cause against the British not only because the British had been taxing them heavily, but because they had been doing it with such inconsideration for the colonists and then oppressed them using force thus violating their human rights. Anyway, this can be connected to a similar feeling expressed by teachers after Scott Walker, made unions illegal in the state of Wisconsin. The teachers were angry not only because they knew the inevitable loss of income that would soon come upon them, but also because they felt that their rights as American citizens were being violated.
Questions: What would've happened if the British got to Dorchester Heights first? Why did they sit anchored in the bay for so long? And what was going through Howe's mind?
Different Perspectives: The rebels probably saw the British leaving Boston as a sign of victory, as a British defeat; after all, just the sight of the rebel cannons aimed at them drove them to an all-out expedited fleeing of Boston. However, the British, especially with their "we are the best and no one can beat us" attitude that they possess, probably viewed this as a strategic move that does not show invulnerability, but rather a way to change the theatre of war to their advantage. Furthermore, this viewpoint is further enforced by the empire of Britain's ability to be perceived as an unbeatable superpower.
Turning point: Obviously, the retreating of the British and the loyalists from Boston was a major turning point for the rebels, and as we've learned from this part of the book, morale can mean everything when it comes to the rebels. Such an incredible morale boost for the rebels means that they could continue to fight well against the British even against such formidable odds. Also, their are clearly somewhat adequate supplies left in Boston that the rebels are in great need of that would continue to help them on their quest against the British.
Commenting on Jonathon Wenzel's post about Differing perspectives: The crown was making staggering amounts of money off of the colonists'. His greatest reason for trying so hard to keep them under the British empire's control was monetary and nothing else.
Visualizing: I found while reading a seemingly minor scene on page 61 that I had a much better picture of George Washington afterwards, both his physical appearance and stature. The squabble between the Virginia riflemen that turned violent was broken up immediately when he "with and iron grip seized two tall, brawny, athletic, savage-looking riflemen by the throat...alternating shaking and talking to them." Everyone at the scene fled immediately. This shows that Washington's presence demanded respect and that he was very powerful. After that scene I found it easier to picture him commanding an army.
Questions: While reading about how important Dorchester Heights was to both sides, I wondered why General Howe seemed to not care about taking it for the British? I thought it may have been because General Clinton had suggested seizing it immediately to the members of the Province House. Howe disliked Clinton very much, and this may have affected his judgement.
Cause and Effect: The obvious disregard of King George III toward the colonies fueled the start of the revolution. If he had treated them like "Englishmen" instead of using them only for the crown and Parliament's benefit, then they could have mutually benefited from each other for many years. However, it was inevitable that the colonies would break away from Britain eventually. It must have been very difficult to rule one country from thousands of miles away, and the colonists would have realized that and rebelled. The revolution could have been much more peaceful if King George III had actually cared about the colonists like he did about his loyal subjects.
Turning Points: I think the colonist's victory at Boston after taking Dorchester Heights was a very major turning point. They had proved to the British that they would not just back down, and they also proved to themselves that the Glorious Cause really did have a fighting chance. But the British were humiliated after being forced to retreat, and instead of heading back to Britain with the Loyalists or to New York like the rebels predicted, they headed to Halifax.
Responding to Zachary Bluestein's comment: The answer to the question of what would have happened if the British had captured Dorchester Heights instead of the rebels can't be known for sure because that didn't happen. But I think that would have been the end of the war. The rebels had been sitting in awful conditions for months and many had just left because they were tired of being there. The British occupying the high ground would have definitely have been a good strategy to quickly bring down the rebels.
Visualize: There are many great points in this first part that I could visualize detailed scenes and profiles. During the whole entire passage describing Knox moving all those guns and canons all the way to the Berkshire Mountains I could just see all these men struggling to pull 120,000 pounds of machines with just a little help from Mother Nature. I could picture Knox drilling holes into the Hudson River hoping the water coming through would thicken the ice allowing the load to pass by safely. I could also just imagine standing amongst the spectators watching all these guns traveling up and down the mountains in amazement.
Questions: What would have happened if the British would have moved to New York instead of staying in Boston? Would we still have won the battle that would have taken New York back to us? Would we have even choose to try to take it back like we did with Boston?
Change and Continuity: Everything about war and how the army fights has changed dramatically since the Revolutionary War. Back then the British army would just line straight up in an open field in their bright red coats hoping that their random shots would hit someone. This strategy has been ditched almost completely due to the more advanced, more accurate, stronger guns. If we wouldn’t have come up with better techniques numbers beyond belief of people would be killed. The American army started to use techniques more like modern strategies by ditching the lines and going for the camouflage of the woods and other forms of coverage. One fighting strategy that has always seemed to work though is the advantage of being on higher ground, like a hill. Just look at it, the American army set up at the top of Dorchester Heights so that the angle was so great that guns couldn’t be fired with as much accuracy. Even with the British’s “..immediate response, a thunderous two-hour cannonade, proved nothing, as their guns could not be elevated sufficiently to strike a target so high”. Even looking at modern day snipers and techniques, hills are still being used to our advantage. Lastly, the ability of surprise. The battle of Dorchester wouldn’t have been as effective if the American army wouldn’t have been able to take down the British when they didn’t expect them to. Surprise is still highly used in many parts of war and strategies.
Through Their Eyes: To be either a rebel or even a loyalist in that time period would have been very nerve racking and pretty scary. From the beginning it seemed that the loyalist had everything in control and that the rebels were just trying to get what they felt they deserved. The victory over Boston must have given them so much pride and excitement. To have won one of the biggest moves in the war would have been astonishing. On the other hand, to be a loyalist at the time would have been terrifying, there would have been a lot of decision making to be done: If you would stay and handle what was happening in America, or if you would take the dangerous trip back to Europe.
Response to Taylor Apfelbeck: I agree with your effect of George Washington’s description. I knew that he was a respected person, but that part showed me just how much he was truly respected and honored. I also would agree that the victory of Boston WAS a huge turning point. Till then the British didn’t seem to take us to seriously as an army, that just because we didn’t have the looks, or the numbers, that we weren’t going to stand up for what we believed in. They underestimated our will power, and our determination to receive the respect and rights that we, as a country, felt we deserved.
Differing Perspectives: King George III in my mind and from what I see of an American stand point is seen as a horrible man that kept the early settlers down with tea taxes, the stamp act, and high prices. From the get go of this story, this brilliant, pale, blue eyed man is seen as a more humble man with a steadfast relationship, knack of putting people at ease, and as "socially awkward at Court occasions -- many found him disappointingly dull" (McCullough 5) Now that I see this other side of the great king, I’m no longer seeing the villain side of him. He merely was being loyal to Britain and serving his people who were loyal to him in return.
Through Their Eyes: On the different sides, I could see many different views from the people of this time. How the British Loyalists perhaps disgusted the colonists, while some wished to join them. But what variable really interested me was looking through the eyes of the generals and commanders of the war. To have to lead your men into battle, knowing that you very well could lose many men, or to even be in charge of a town as Nathanael Greene was at one point. I couldn’t even wrap my mind around the responsibility. “Gentlemen, not one of you will ever see that place again,” (McCullough, 108). Another thought that I couldn’t simply leave out. Through the eyes of the children who had to watch their fathers serve in war, or even witnessed the war. At just five years old, to hear such words… I found it easy to believe that the merchant’s son had held onto them for so long, the memory engraved in his brain.
Visualize: The rotten stench and poorly kept clothing and appearances of the soldiers going into battle filled my mind. I couldn’t imagine that the soldiers wouldn’t simply wash their clothing themselves and would rather be filthy than be caught doing women’s work. It appalled me that these men could fight in such condition, and I could almost feel the sickness on their flesh. It was no wonder camps broke out in disease and so many of them, including the friends and family that visited, died.
Connections: This past year after visiting Washington D.C. and seeing George Washington’s home in Virginia, Mount Vernon, I was interested to hear more in the story and was able to relate to what I saw, and the variety of servant work places and the immensity of the home itself.
Responding to Taylor Apfelbeck: I too was astounded by the honor, and power given to the general during this snowball fighting scene. Not only was George Washington revered by many, but he could clear up a brawl by simply stepping into it and taking a strong hold of a couple men. This power given to him I saw as a foreshadowing to the true respect he would be given as the nation’s first true leader, and president.
Questions: What was the House of Commons? Where mercenaries a good of bad idea of George III? How was there not a way to keep the camp clean?
Connections: The camp's uncleanliness reminds me of of learning about Sub-Saharan Africa last year in HUG. They have the same problem of keeping diseases and bacteria's from not spreading.
Turning points: The colonists taking Dorchester Heights was a turning point. It was a confidence boost for them and also showed the British they weren't backing down even with the odds.
Cause and Effect: Winter in Boston was a struggle for British, even though General Howe was given orders to abandon Boston before winter hit. With that and the tactful planning of Washington helped his attempt to gain control of the area because the British were struggling on supplies. The effect of Washington's plan helped him defeat the British and gave themselves a confidence boost and lowered the spirits of the British for further action of the war.
Visualize: There are many great points in this first part that I could visualize detailed scenes and profiles. During the whole entire passage describing Knox moving all those guns and canons all the way to the Berkshire Mountains I could just see all these men struggling to pull 120,000 pounds of machines with just a little help from Mother Nature. I couldn’t imagine that the soldiers wouldn’t simply wash their clothing themselves and would rather be filthy than be caught doing women’s work. It appalled me that these men could fight in such condition, and I could almost feel the sickness on their flesh. It was no wonder camps broke out in disease and so many of them, including the friends and family that visited, died.
Connections: As I read the parts of Washingtion DC. I can't help think of how much the describtions here vs. when I visited last summer. It seemed as anything would change so much between all of those years.
Turning Points: I think the colonist's victory at Boston after taking Dorchester Heights was a very major turning point. They had proved to the British that they would not just back down, and they also proved to themselves that the Glorious: The battle at bunker hill is another turning point that gave colonists a boost of confidence that carried with them the rest of the war. The British lost almost twice as many men as the colonists, and even though they had won the battle, the British could never break the resistance of Bostonus Cause really did have a fighting chance.
Cause and Effect:The obvious disregard of King George III toward the colonies fueled the start of the revolution. If he had treated them like "Englishmen" instead of using them only for the crown and Parliament's benefit, then they could have mutually benefited from each other for many years. However, it was inevitable that the colonies would break away from Britain eventually. It must have been very difficult to rule one country from thousands of miles away, and the colonists would have realized that and rebelled.
Anklam:I totally agree with you with the connection with Sub Saharian Africa and AP Human. I am always so thankful that I have a clean place to live and I have lots of clothes to waer.
Visualizing: Throughout the entire “Siege” I found myself visualizing all of the events, most vividly the soldiers’ conditions and sicknesses, which helped me truly understand what it was like to be in that time period and to understand what everyone was going through. Visualizing also helped me keep all of the characters straight, especially the numerous American generals, because of how much detail McCullough used in describing each individual person.
Connections: When the Revolution began, America, which had seemed like one united country under the Crown, had split concretely into two separate congregations of Loyalists or Revolutionaries. Both groups, though living under the same rule and on the same land, shared a mutual disgust with one another, stubbornly set in their ways. I connected this with how very strong liberals and very strong tea-partiers feel about each other. Though they are both living under one constitution and live in one united country, like the Loyalists and the Revolutionaries, they both have a mutual dislike for one another.
Change and Continuity: When Part 1 of 1776 ends, the major changes include Boston being abandoned completely, The British Army and their Loyalists had been defeated disgracefully and were now headed for Halifax, and the Revolutionary army was heading, now, to New York. The Constant thing that has remained the same when the siege ends is that the Revolutionary and all other supporting Americans are still looking to break free of British rule and become a nation under their own constitution.
Through Their Eyes: One thing that is evident in McCullough’s writing is the different and numerous viewpoints from which he tells the story. In the beginning of The Siege, when McCullough tells of the debates that went on in English Parliament, I think that many of the members of Parliament viewed the so called “Rebels” as ungrateful and savage to want to rebel against England after all they had done to support them. Meanwhile, when McCullough tells of the heroism and braveness that the American people saw in the Revolutionary soldiers, I knew that the average American citizen thought that rebelling against England was a very important and vital cause to creating a better country.
Commenting on Lauren’s Cause and Effect: You make a very good point in that Howe’s decision to stay during the winter contributed to their horrible defeat against the Americans; in fact, it may have wholly caused their defeat. I also believe that the extreme weather changes during both the preparation and the execution of the Dorchester Heights plan was another major contributor in American’s victory.
Generalization: Many times throughout part 1, McCullough describes the lack of organization throughout the American Continental Army. For one, in the beginning they didn't have specific uniforms. Unlike the British Army all in red, the Continental Army struggled to even identify their officers. Washington was the only one who looked tidy, much nobler than the soldiers who were very dirty from digging trenches and hauling rocks. Their uncleanliness led to many diseases that plagued troops and spread easily, killing many. The Continental Army also lacked experience and skill. Most of the men had no military background. I can only imagine how overwhelming and chaotic it must have been.
Visualization: On page 8, a paragraph describes the people that came off the ship at Boston who had been involved in the Battle at Bunker Hill. I was able to vividly see how sickness, death, and hardships could really take a toll on their physical aspects. One published account stated there were “…some without legs, and others without arms; and their clothes hanging on them like a loose morning gown.” This also leads me to believe their live in general, including mental aspects, have been revolutionized and probably not for the better.
Cause and Effect: In Boston, a harsh winter seemed to impair the British Army with low stamina and deteriorate at their physical nurture. On the other hand, the American soldiers were more used to the winters and had a better understanding at how to deal with them. Washington used their knowledge to their advantage in order to plan an attack on the British and capture the area. Their extensive planning came at the expense of the British who were forced to surrender and leave. The effect from this capture caused the British’s emotional levels to drop more and have a more negative look at the war.
Change and Continuity: From the beginning, the Continental Army has tried making changes along the way to progress to more orderly ways. One part talked about Washington enforcing more laws with stricter consequences to those who didn’t obey because obedience and order were a huge downfall from the beginning. They continue to change their ways in hope of better ideals. Also, it seems more citizens are turning to the rebel army for they are sick of the high taxes. This change is causing more rebel troops to be sent out for protection of the colonies.
Jenny: I definitely agree with your thoughts on “Through Their Eyes”. McCullough does an excellent job getting into person he is trying to portray. He successfully gets across their point of views. When he comes from the British side, he negatively views the Americans rebel from their mother country. However, he also stands beside the American’s in fighting for what they believe. He seemed nonbiased which helped make it realistic and interesting as to how each side felt.
Preview/Predict: Before reading I tried to predict what this novel would be about. The title does not give very much information, so I had to go to the titles of the chapters. Part one is called “The Siege”, this gives me enough information to understand that this will be about the act or process of the British surrounding or attacking the American colonies. Under part one there are three chapters; Sovereign Duty, Rabble in Arms, and Dorchester Heights. I didn’t know what the word sovereign meant, or what the word Rabble meant so I had to look them up. I found that sovereign means a king, queen, monarch, or other supreme ruler. So my prediction for chapter one was that it would be about the king’s thoughts and how he saw the American colonies during this time. When I looked up rabble I found that it means a disorderly crowd or mob. That pretty much describes the American army at the time. And I predicted that Dorchester Heights would be about well Dorchester Heights.
Visualize: During my reading of part one I could visualize a lot of things, the red coats of the British army, the disorganization of the Americans. I also caught myself visualizing what people looked like because the author did a very good job describing them as shown on pages 5 and 6 when he describes the King. “…had been twenty-two, in 1760, he succeeded to the throne, and to a remarkable degree he remained a man of simple tastes and few pretensions.” (pg 5 and 6)
Cause and Effect: Washington’s plan to occupy Boston during the winter was the cause of many soldiers deaths and illnesses. But this also turned out to be a good thing because it was not just his soldiers but the Brits as well. This in effect let Washington gain control of the area.
Ashley: I totaly visualized many of the things you did. The part where the author describes the people getting of the ship was a little hard to read for me because I could see people in those conditions and it really makes you understand the conditions and makes you thankful for what you have now due to their sacrafices.
Ian T. Hill Connection: While reading the part of 1776 that described George Washington's army in relation to the British I drew many connections to the movie Big Green. The Big Green, a rag-tag soccer team, goes up against a higher level, more organized soccer team. George Washington and his army are also the underdogs when fighting the British. The British and the higher level soccer team both have uniforms and are well organized while George Washington's army and the Big Green have no uniforms and exemplify chaos. In both cases the under dogs pull through by conquering the British at the Boston Massacre and winning the soccer game. Questions: Why was New York the "Key to the country"? Why was the whole war centered specifically around Boston, why did the British not try attacking anywhere else less fortified? What happened to those that were living in Boston at the time? Why didn't Washington immediately open fire on the British after taking over Dorchester? Turning Points: The most obvious turning point in "the Siege" was when The Dorchester Heights were taken by the Continental army. This lead to the banishment of all loyalists in Boston. Another huge turnaround was when the Ticonderoga guns arrived. At the beginning Washington's continental army was way outgunned but when the huge cannons were rolled and sledded to Boston the British were caught on the defensive. Change and Continuity: The Continental Army has proved itself and the British army embarrassed. This will prove to be harder on Washington's Army because they will not be underestimated again. Now that the British have been banished a new war front will likely form. The only continuous factor is the perseverance of the British, they will not give up and go home. Thoughtful Comment KATELIN ZEBRO: I also thought about the cause and effect of the Continental army fighting through the winter. I thought of George Washington's decision as more of a negative and a failure on his part. If the Continental army did not stay through the winter and went home to their families then morale would be higher and the army would be healthier. The only negative to this is that some may not come back and the British could attack.
Reading Thoughts: Preview/Predict The title of the beginning chapter of 1776 by David McCullough was "Sovereign Duty". My first thoughts on this were about a higher authority such as the King of England, and the role he must play in order to bring America back under his reign of power. On the other hand it maybe meant on General Washington's duty, even though he isn't a king, to build up an army to defend the colonies.
Connections The revolution that happened in America reminded me so much of the revolution in Macedonia of the '90s. When Yugoslavia was deteriorating and war broke out, it seemed that Macedonia had no chance whatsoever to win. Just as the Americans were disorganized and didn't have a trained militia, so was the same with Macedonia. However, one factor that the oppositions didn't think about was the pride people have and how they would fight to their last breath for their country, which was also true in the colonies as well.
Thinking Like a Historian:
Cause and Effect It wasn't the smartest idea of Washington's to wait out the winter in Boston because the frost would eventually cause illness and death among his troops and many might have disliked him at that moment in time. The contradictory to this, however, was that British troops also suffered heavy losses which in turn led him to take control of the land.
Through Their Eyes People back in the 1700's must have been scared all the time because they never knew what was happening. Unlike today, they didn't have any social networking like FaceBook or Twitter. Their only means of information was by horseback, which took days or even weeks to receive information about a victory or defeat of a battle. Today whenever something occurs the internet lets us know by a minute to minute basis. This is also probably why wars took so much longer to win back then.
@Jake Coenen I absolutely agree with you that this book was hard to get into at the beginning. Every single year since the 4th grade my teachers have taught me about the American Revolution and how great it was. When I found out that we had to read a book over the summer I almost flipped out. However, after reading the first two chapters, the book became a little more interesting and I was able to read little by little each day.
Visualize...As I was reading the book, I found it very easy to visualize certain scenes. One of the first ones that stood out in my mind is when King George III rode his golden chariot to address the parliment. It was very easy since McCullough's descrpting was long and intriguing. It was almost like I was watching a movie in my brain.
Questions...Why did the British chose Ny?
Turning Points..I thought that Dorchester was a big turning point because all in all it forced the British to leave Boston.
Perspectives..Not only is their different perspectives of against sides but also different perspectives from 1776 to 2011. One perspective that changed through the Americans is the issue of slavery. The well-known George Washington was a slave owner himself and during that time frame, slavery was accepted. Now a days our society has come to an overall statement that it is not okay. And perhaps that if I was in that time frame, my family would have own slaves, but that was 200 years ago.
Lindi- I found it intriguing that you could connect the history of Macedonia to this story. I love your two contradicting statements about the cause and effect. I was more focused on the Americans losing people and starting illnesses, but the British lost people as well. ALSO, I agree that it was hard to get into this book at first, but once you got going, it wasn't so bad.
Questions: What was King George's reaction to the battle at Dorchester Heights? How many troops died from disease/famine on both sides? Why didn't the Americans fire on the British ships from Dorchester? How did the British take control of Boston?
Preview/Predict: While reading the first part of this book, I kept thinking that there would be a huge conflict or battle between the troops. There was a lot of tension due to the fact that both sides were at a stalemate for almost a year and each was waiting for the other to make the first move. I know that when the Americans took Dorchester it was a pretty big deal, but I thought they would actually fight each other.
Turning Points: The first turning point was when the troops as well as Washington himself realized that they were low on supplies and the stalemate would likely last through winter. This took a toll on the morale of the troops and consequently negatively affected the whole plan. Another turning point is the retrieval of the guns from Ticonderoga. Henry Knox surprised everyone when he pulled through despite the fact that he was a rookie and it seemed like the elements were against him. Finally the last, and most obvious, turning point was the capture of Dorchester heights. It gave the Americans the upper hand against the British and even avoided a conflict because the British knew that it would mean death to try and take it.
Differing Perspectives: There are two main perspectives. The American soldiers and British soldiers. We get the thoughts of the major players in the war throughout the Part, but not much from the leaders of the respective sides, Such as King George and the Parliament. While there were thoughts at the beginning of the chapter, there isn't much later. This also goes for Congress. Obviously, I was rooting for America during the book, but I don't remember too well the details of how the war started, so I can't say which one I agree with.
Ian: I don't agree that Washington's decision to stay the winter was a failure. There wasn't really a choice. If he had taken it easy, there would be a lack of troops and the British would have taken advantage of the opportunity and attacked, because they were always getting information from deserters. There was only one "right" decision, and it had consequences.
Preview/Predict- The book's title gives no insight of what is going to happen inside the novel, so i dug deeper into looking at the chapters and sections. I thought the chapter, Sovereign Duty, was going to be about the main ideas and duties of the leaders on both sides. The next chapter, Rabble in Arms, i had thought it was going to be more about the American rebbles preparing for the battle and trying to get an edge on the british. and the last chapter, Dorchester heights was probably gonna be about dorchester heights. i had no prior knowledge of Dorchester Heights.
Visualize- while reading the book, the most vivid images i could create were those of the scurying rebbles. i could really see how they were unlike any other army with there disorganization of uniform. while on the opposing side, the british were all matching in their red suits. the differences of the two sides is an image that can be very precisely drawn in ones mind.
Comment- Ian Hill. Many people who read books that go back in history often try to relate with current events, or things that actually happen. many people forget to be creative when alluding to things in the novel. it brings new ideas to comprehending what you are reading and may help with understanding the text.
--Austin Stolze— Visualize: David McCullough’s vivid descriptions made it very easy to create “mental pictures”, particularly when he described the Rebel Army. I could see clearly imagine this group of unruly, ragtag men. They had no official uniforms (and many men were poorly and inadequately clothed), hardly ever washed themselves or their clothes, and slept in hastily constructed shacks made of any material they could find. They probably looked more like a conglomeration of homeless people than an army fighting for the fate of a nation. Evaluation: I was very surprised to learn how horribly ill prepared and equipped the Rebel Army was. I didn’t know most of the American generals and soldiers had never been in a war. The majority of the army knew nothing or next to nothing about military strategies and life. I also didn’t know that George Washington considered himself ill prepared and unfit for his position. All this new knowledge is contradictory of what I had believed in the past. Turning Points: Without a doubt, I think the Rebel Army’s capture of Dorchester Heights was the most significant turning point in this section. This victory for the Rebels gave their cause much more hope and allowed for more people to start supporting them. It was a huge morale booster and gave them confidence that they could go toe to toe with the best army in the world at that time and win. Without this Rebel victory, the war would have probably had a much different result, or at the very least series of events. Change and Continuity: The battle of Dorchester Heights brought about much change. Before this point in time, the British had been severely underestimating what the Rebels were capable of. This had allowed for the Rebels the element of surprise because the British never expected them to strike (and with as much effectiveness as they had). After Dorchester Heights though, the Rebels were seen in a different light by the British and would not be able to use the British underestimation of their abilities to their advantage. The battle of Dorchester Heights also created a change in the scene of the battle because it caused the British to retreat. Comment: Several people have questioned why the British and the Rebels would choose to move the fighting to New York. From what I understood, the British probably wanted to go there because it was a port city with many rivers nearby allowing them to better use their superior navy to their advantage. Also, there was a significant Loyalist/Tory majority in the city which was also to their advantage. Knowing this, the Rebels also moved their troops to NY because they figured that was where the British were going to go. They wanted to be there to try to keep the British out of NY which was seen as “the key to the whole continent”.
Preview and Predict: Based on the title of this first section, The Seige, I thought that the first chapter would talk mainly about military strategy, because after looking up what a seige was, I knew it to be a military blockade of a city which is normally very strong. And the first part was alot about strategy that the "rebels" were aetting up in order to gain Boston as their own.
Visualize: McCullough did a very good job of describing the poor conditions that the rebel army was in. I could clearly picture their poor hygiene, ragged clothing, and the "infectious filth" that spread through the camp killing so many and causing the armies numbers to dwindle to a dangerous low.
Turning Point: One of the major turning points in this first section was the colonists taking over Dorchester Heights. It gave the rebels confidence and new bursts of energy and patriotism, which was much needed for the already hindered army.
Cause and Effect: The harsh winter in Boston seemed to really restrict the British because they were very unused to that type of climate. and though the winter was also harsh on the rebels, it was worse for the British, just because they were very unprepared for it. Because the British were weak from the winter, they were forced to surrender when washington attacked.
Lauren, I really liked the connection that you made from Human Geo last year. I completely agree that the spread of disease in the rebel army seems much like that of what is happening in Sub-Sahara Africa, with the uncleanliness and fast spreading sicknesses killing many people.
Visualize: Like most, I found the imagery in this section of the book to be most stunning. Just the juxtaposition of "His Majesty's Army" and, quite plainly, the "rebels", gives a sense of severe clash between the two armies. I have to say that the rebels come off as a bit pathetic and unintimidating in the beginning. With their mismatched uniforms, very old or very young soldiers, and overall unkept way of life and appearance, they seem to be no match for the King's Army. Some rebel soldiers were even bewildered at the filth within their own camps. On the other hand, the British were clean cut, uniformed, orderly, and quite a shocking comparison to the rebels. Although the looks and life styles of the two armies were opposing, I felt the moods were somewhat similar. The Continental Soldiers were lazy and tired of waiting for battle. The British were not so enthusiastic themselves, as America was not their home territory, and being so nonchalant as to the rebel's whereabouts and what they were to do next.
Evaluation: I found it very interesting to learn more about George Washington and what he was like, and more so, what he was thinking during this time period. He was definitely the charismatic, intelligent, and gallant leader that we all think of him as. I think he embodies what the rebels and colonists were feeling at that time, and what the founding fathers built this country on. It's the liberty, justice, rebelliousness, and raw underdog power, which I think is the American spirit.
Turning Points: I'm sure we can all agree that the main turning point in this section is the capture of Dorchester Heights by the rebel forces. It was a stealthy move by the Continental Army, and it had shook the British up. At this point, I believe that the British Army had decided that they were to abandon Boston and sail to NY with the loyalists. The sudden approach of the Continental Army really turned the tables on the British, and this gave a boost of confidence to the rebels.
Change and Continuity: Adding to what I said in the previous section, Dorchester Heights is what really secured the Continental Army's confidence and vigor. But it completely appalled the British, having been scared out of Boston by the mere "rebels" they thought they could simply extinguish. It seems the sad looking crew of rebels from the beginning of the conflict have grown into a strong, fierce army with just the Dorchester Heights victory. Although they are going strong now, the British have realized their enemy's strength, and will probably come back with a vengeance.
Austin Stolze, I agree with your point on Washington. He was not incredibly experienced, and was quite insecure about his army at times. During a particularly rough time, when they were running out of ammunition and arms, he felt that he should have refused the position as commander-in-chief and just joined the ranks. Where would we be, if he had done the latter? Overall, I enjoyed learning about this side of Washington. It made him seem more human.
Preview/ Predict- From the title of the book, 1776, I immediately thought that this book would be about the 13 colonies and how they were able to separate from England. What I was not expecting was the detail given about both sides of the story. Much of the information in the first section that I had no previous knowledge of was about England’s efforts to keep these colonies. I found it very interesting to learn of all that was being done on the other side both militarily and politically. Turning points-The siege in Boston was very helpful to the rebel army not because they killed and captured a lot of enemy soldiers but because their lack of gunpowder and other supplies was not exposed through fighting. Had there been too much fighting in the first year of the war our independence may have never been gained because of the difference in supplies of weapons and gunpowder between the two armies. The turning point I saw in the first section was that the rebel army was given so much time to build up its supplies. Question- Why would the British choose to stay in Boston in a siege when they had a better trained, larger army and a very powerful navy with enough ships to transport them anywhere? Wouldn’t it have been easier to move out of Boston and on to New York or somewhere else right away? It seems that their time in Boston did nothing to help them win the war. Austin Stolze- I agree with your comment about New York. It seemed to me that it was a far more important city than Boston. The position of the city gave the ability to cut the colonies in half, splitting up New England from the rest. Also, it seems obvious that it was a good choice considering the importance of NYC to our country today.
Cause & effect: George Washington's "wealth and way of life, like his physique and horsemanship"(pg. 48) were important factors to his role in being commander to the American Army. Although the man had retired from military life for 15 years and had never led an army before, he must've had over enough qualifications to be fully trusted by Congress in leading "an undisciplined, poorly armed volunteer force of farmers and tradesmen (pg. 50)." With this respect and trust the Americans had for the general, the decision to attack Dorchester Heights and their successful win against the British was possible.
Preview & Predict: The name of the first chapter, "Sovereign Duty", I predicted was going to be about who had what positions and what duties they had to carry. The chapter, in fact, compared and contrasted the people from both sides and was detailed in what kind of personalities each one had.
Visualize: David McCullough does a good job of describing the many leaders in this book. For instance he describes Washington as "his hair reddish brown, his eyes gray blue, and the bridge of his prominent nose unusually wide(pg. 42)." These kind of details give readers a sense of how each important character looked like.
Turning Point: I think that the win at Dorchester Heights was a big turning point. The American army was anxious to have a win after they were defeated at Bunker Hill. Although George Washington knew his army had less in supplies, and most of them were inexperienced, he never gave up and made the decision to push the British out of Boston. This win gave them hope and seemed to have inspired them.
Comment: Bridget Daniels, I agree with you it was very interesting learning about George Washington, his ways of thinking, and the decisions he makes. After reading part one of this book, I could really understand why he was so highly viewed
Turning Point: "Dorchester Heights could decide the whole outcome at Boston..." (p70) After being equipped from Henry Knox's return from New York, the American soldiers needed the confidence of a victory. And they certainly got one. After taking Dorchester, the continental army was newly inspired to continue on with the war.
Using the Past: I love how this book shows the psychology of individual people and of the entire army. What I think the past teaches us here, is that fighting for a cause that you believe in can surmount most obstacles. That, along with individuals who have the needed skills to lead create a great army. Though the rebels had few munitions, they were able to make everything out of what they had. I believe we can learn that leadership and the will to fight are important lessons we can take from these events.
Question: How exactly was it that so many inexperienced leaders such as Knox, or Green were so good at what they did? They were competing with British leaders that had been commanding for years and yet these men managed to essentially inspire an army to victory. It's something that seems just like dumb luck, but there must be something behind it.
Connections: I think everyone knows a George Washington. In the book he's essentially described as a great, great man. Washington was handsome, intelligent, strongly willed, and had a great work ethic. I feel that everyone knows someone that seems to just be "perfect" and rather inspiring. Of course, everyone has their flaw, as did Washington, but it's just interesting to see how well thought Washington was.
Comment: KaoZee, I definitely think that McCullough did a great job of visualizing the leaders. I got a good sense of what they were like and how they looked. I also think he did a good job of describing the general feel of both the colonies and the British during different wins and losses for either side in the war.
Reading thoughts: While I was reading part 1, I visualized the differences between the British army and the New England army. The main difference the caught my attention was the disorganization and lack of discipline amongst the New England army. The author put alot of emphasis on how much the British army looked down upon the Americans and how even Washington himself was displeased with the lack of organization/discipline within his own people.
This interested me so because during a war, one would think that, in this case, the Americans, including Washington, would be proud of his army no matter the circumstances. Patriotism was a main component for recruiting. Patriotism, the definition, is having pride in ones country. Well, ones country is its people. So when Washington stated that he, himself, was displeased by the lack of organization and discipline shown throughout his army he seemed to be coming off as a walking contridiction because patriotism is what brought these people here and if you are proud of your country, you are also proud of your people. Being displeased with someone, or a group of people, usually means one is not proud of that person/group of people because they are, in fact, displeased with them. Washington then, by stating his displeasure with his own army, showed an unstable relationship between himself and his patriotism for his country and people. In simplier words, he showed the reader a weakness of his and that weakness was his own army.
Response to Andy Mauler: I relate easily to how you had no prior knowledge of this topic for when I first read the title "1776" I instantly thought of the musical that premiered at the Grand in 2009. Althought the musical and novel share the same title, they are completely different. I was expecting something along the lines of John Adams and Benjamin Franklin talking about the Declaration of Independce for that was what the musical was about. I never expected it to be about George Washington, even though, thats what all the summer reading books are about.
Zachary Finnegan- Preview/Predict Before I began reading, I thought about what this book could be about. “The Siege” provides limited information that is hard to build off. The only information that I could get out of it is that it will be about the process of the British attacking the American Colonies. This topic is very broad, so the author decided to split it into three different sections. These would be named Sovereign Duty, Rabble in Arms, and Dorchester Heights. When I hear the word, sovereign, I jump to the conclusion of some sort of royalty or king. I believe the “Sovereign Duty” chapter will be about the British and how they are going to handle the rebelling, American Colonies. Right when I read the title, “Rabble in Arms,” I immediately thought the American Army. I did this because the British were a distinguished country in Europe so it could not have been them, and the American Colonies are not distinguished by any stretch of the imagination, therefore, Rabble in Arms would be a suitable name for a rebelling country. And Lastly, “Dorchester Heights.” After thinking about the first two chapter's titles and content, I thought Dorchester Heights must be where the two armies meet for the first time.
Visualize While reading section 1, I distinctly noticed the amount of time put into the detailed passages describing many different occurrences during the siege. The passage that sticks in my mind is the Continental Army did not have matching uniforms on the battlefield. They were in ragged clothing. Some of them did not even wash their clothing. These men didn't look like an army at all. The generals were “marked” just so they could be recognized by colleagues. But on the other side, the British Army had all matching, bright, red uniforms that could be distinctly observed from miles away. I visualize in my mind what these two forces looked like facing off in the battlefield. I sort of envision a David and Goliath type of war.
Changes and Continuity The battle of Dorchester Heights really changed the way both sides looked at the war. Before this point, the British thought it would bulldoze its way through the American Colonies. They came in to confident and paid the price. This gave renewed hope to the Rebels and provided motivation from then on. Because of the confidence of the British, the Rebels caught them off guard using the element of surprise. This made the British retreat. But from then on, the British did not underestimate the capabilities of the Americans and it would be a much more level playing field when alert and ready.
Cause and Effect The harsh winters in Boston extremely hindered both the British and the Rebels. The British were not used to the tough climate of the American Colonies. The winter was tough on the Rebels but not nearly as bad as the British. The British were extremely unprepared. And they did not have the advantage of being on their own turf, so supplies were tough to come by, which, in the end, was a factor in waving he white flag.
Comment to Alexis Bryan I was extremely impressed of how in depth your research was about Washington and his contradiction of patriotism. I did not even think of that from that perspective and understand the topic even that much more, thanks to your insight. I believe seeing it from Washington's perspective is key in understanding some of the decisions made during this war and why he did, what he did, and when he did.
Clara Kennedy Preview and Predict Before I started reading the first section I predicted what it would be about when I actually started reading it. My conclusion was that this will be about the British attacking the American Colonies and strategizing on how they were going to do that. Then the more I previewed the section I noticed that it was split into three parts, Sovereign Duty, Rabble in Arms, and Dorchester Heights. When I read Sovereign Heights I thought of the British and the government strategizing on how to sway the colonies. The second part of this section was Rabble in Arms which made me think of the New England army and their "getting ready" for the British's attack. Finally the third part of this section is Dorchester Heights which made me assume that this is when they meet up and fight against each other.
Visualize While reading this I couldn't help but imagine just how different the two armies were. The New England army being very disorganized and Washington being almost ashamed of his own army. The British army made me visualize the sharp way they looked and how organized and pristine they looked which made the American army looked like the underdogs and quickly being named that.
Turning Point I think that the victory for New England at Dorchester Heights was a big turning point because at Bunker Hill the British greatly underestimated them after winning that battle. This battle, however, showed them that not only were the americans strong fighters, but most definitely not the underdogs.
Cause and Effect I think that the time the British spent in Bosten was a big mistake on their part. They clearly were not equipped to handle the harsh and unforgiving winter which caused them to have to surrender the Washington. This mistake hindered their ability to have an effective comeback resulting in a loss.
Comment to Zachary Finnegan I was impressed by the way you analyzed the way the two armies were different in Change and Continuity. When you said that the New England army used the element of surprise to hinder and cause the British army to surrender helped me better understand the "personalities" of the two armies.
Cailtin Bradfish, Preview/Predict- Before I even started to read section 1 the seige I knew immediately knew that this part of the book was going to be the base by giving us more information about the history of our county and the rebellious path we decided to take.
Importance- While reading the seige I realized that one main idea was the King of Great Britain. His influence on his own country and on what we now call the United States of America was large and unforgettable.
Reading like a historian- The effect of George Washington's leadership was the start of our government and freedom. His leadership also shows us how his leadership has affected the way we live today and how it could have been different if we never earned our freedom.
Stephanie I agree with your cause and effect statement. If the British army was used to the harsh winter conditons the outcome could have been dramatically changed. Therfore, potentially changing how we live today.
The title of the first chapter, "Sovereign Duty," sparked a discussion inside my head. I could predict that there would be an event or action that could lead a figure of authority (such as King George III) to the decision of keeping America under his own reign. Then again, it could be alluding to the fact that another figure of authority (such as General George Washington) had to acquire the staff, resources, and men to create an army that would defend what was theirs and what they believed in. Ultimately, I think that the title was meant for readers' interpretation.
Reading Like an Historian Cause and Effect:
The Battle at Boston was caused by the duteous thoughts and plans made by George Washington. Although General Howe was given orders to leave before winter came upon them, the British remained there and winter took its inevitable toll on the soldiers. With the British struggling with supplies, Washington’s attempt to gain control of that area became real. Boston effectively ceased to be a military target. It continued to be a focal point for revolutionary activities, with its port acting as an important point for fitting ships of war and privateers. Its leading citizens would have important roles in the development of the future United States.
Turning Point:
While there are several different turning points for different achievements in this book, for this section, the victory at Dorchester Heights was a major turning point. Since the British had won the Battle at Bunker Hill, it was unprecedented that America would rise to the occasion and unexpectedly win at Dorchester Heights. Not only did it boost the soldiers' morale, but this showed that America's army was to no longer be taken lightly.
Comment to a Colleague, Caitlin Bradfish: I agree with you on many levels. Men are those who make history and not the other way around. In periods of time where there is no leadership, society can only stand still. Progress occurs when courageous, skillful leaders seize the opportunity to change things for the better. As we look ahead into the future, leaders will be those who empower others.
Preview And Predict: Based on the title The Siege, I predicted that this chapter would be about military tactics. I also thought that the intensity of action would be relatively low due to the fact that it's a siege and not a fierce battle.
Visualize: I pictured the British army as well-organized and trained with tidy well-kept uniforms and top-of-the-line weapons. Washingtons army, on the other hand, I pictured as sporting tattered rags, being very unorganized, and composed of people who had never before fought a war.
Turning Point: One of the major turning points in The Siege is when the colonists take over Dorchester Heights. This move shook up the British and gave the colonists new hope, a new sense of patriotism, and the will to fight even harder. It was a much needed boost of confidence for the ragged army.
Cause And Effect: The success of Washington's army at Boston caused the British to head for Malifax rather than New York which is where Washington had believed that General Howe had intended to go.
Comment: Grant, I also wondered as to how so many young and inexperienced leaders were so successful against the world renowned Generals of the time. It definately seemed like luck was on their side. For example, the night before the colonists took over Dorchester Hieghts, the conditions that the weather provided were ideal for their work. Reverend William Gordon even wrote, "A finer [night] could not have been taken out of the whole 356".
Visualize: In the beginning of chapter 2 McCullough explains the early life of Nathanael Greene. He explained that his father did not believe that education was need and thus he had to educate himself. It also explained that he had to work at the farm, mill, and forge before he had any spare time. I visualized him staying up late reading by candle or fire light in the late night in order to educate himself
Evaluation: When thinking about the storm that followed after the rebels had taken over the Dorchester heights it’s hard not to think what would have happened if the storm didn’t occur and the British attacked like planed? Would George Washington’s view be correct in that the rebels would be able to slaughter the British by rolling the barrels down the hill? Or would it have turned out the other way causing the rebels to lose and most likely lose the war after one battle?
Change and Continuity: After the overtaking of the Dorchester Heights the Rebels have taken over Boston and found new enthusiasm and energy to fight on. Their skill and experience has really stayed the same but their confidence is sky high after sending the British away. This really was an advantage to the Rebels it gave the army and the colonies confidence they could win the war, this then resulted in more enlistments.
Cause and effect: There are multiple causes and effects when thinking about the Dorchester heights and the British leaving Boston. With the Rebels taking control of the Dorchester Heights the British have no choice but to move on to another city. With the British moving on the Rebels must also move onto what was believed to be the British’s target, New York.
Comment: Ben, I totally agree with you in the sense that the rebels taking over the Dorchester heights was a huge turning point but not only did the Rebels receive a much needed moral boost but the war also shifted to the New York area which is a turning point in itself
Thomas Siegharter The big idea of the first section I grasped was that even though the Americans were heavily out-supplied and outnumbered they seemed like they more organized than just a "rabble in arms". I truely thought this was shown through the attack on Boston through the use of Dorchester Heights. Realizing that the Americans didn't have very much experience in war they seemed to effectively attack the Goliath of the British.
There are many connections from these early attacks and the rest of the war. First of all the Americans were almost always without enough supplies. Referring to the text General Washington kept many bushels of limes to keep the rebelious soldiers from getting the disease, scurvy. Where as the British were well equiped with clothing, food, powder, and weapons. Second the Americans were heavily outnumbered throughout much the war. Many of the battles were fought with the element of suprise or gorilla tactics. The only battle I can recall that the Americans didn't use one of those tactics was at the Battle of Bunker Hill.
As I read through the text I really envisioned the British very organized, well trained, and with much confidence. The ranks clearly presentable; every man in the army knew where he ranked. As Ienvision more I notice German mercenaries called Hessians, paid well as they fight against the rabbling rebels. Through the days I see many officers attend local skits and breweries drinking and laughing as they enjoy themselves the best they can. Turning it over to the rebels the first thing I notice is the tattered clothes on their backs. In the cold weather I see that few men wore shoes of some kind. Most of the men wore moccasins or leather boots with many holes in them. As I look further in the regiments only one figure truely stands out at 6' 4'' weighing at around 190 pounds. That figure of course is George Washington. He was a giant compared to the rest of the regiment. Walking as if he were in a parade at all times. Looking after his soldiers and preparing them for what came next in their fight to achieve victory over the British tyrants.
When reading through the letters and documents at the time the generals and other powerful individuals wrote, I realized the importance of the war to the Americans and the British. In many documents the rebels had,it was clear that they were fighting for freedom. They described the British parliament and king as tyrants and destroyers of freedom. Once the war was full go many of the letters that I read were about deaths,strategic moves, or about patriotic people. For example Abigail Adams wrote a letter to John Adams about one of there dearest friends Dr. Warren. She went on stating, "He has distinguished himself in every engagement, by his courage and fortitude, by animating the Soldiers and leading them on by his own example..." (Sunday June 18 1775) The importance of the war was also very great with the British. King George III gave a speech on October 27, 1775 stating that the colonies had "subordinate relation to Great Britain." The king went on commenting on those who remained loyal to Britain, "And although many of these unhappy people may still retain their loyalty, and too wise not to fee the fatal consequence of this usurpation..." The British realized there were people still loyal to the British and that they didn't want to suffer a fate of death. Moreover the king went on asking for support from the Parliament. Although he didn't really go into the economics of this subject which is more or less the reason they fought to keep New England. Overall these documents helped my understanding greatly and it gave a sense of how the war was important for both sides.
I would like to comment on Lucas's comment by first saying that I really enjoyed reading how you immediately predicted how the first chapter was going to turn out. And I completely agree on the statement of Dorchester Heights being the biggest turning point.
Brandon Dively Ben Gorichs, my entire entry basically is going to tie in with yours. I couldn't agree more. The chapter title,"The Seige" instantly made me think of military tactics. I wasn't sure exactly what was going to occur due to a lack of complete knowledge of the order of events in the Revolution, but I figured it would involve the seizure of land, a fort/building of importance, or maybe even a town/village.
Like many others, I pictured the armies as total opposites. On one side you had the British in their matching red coats as a unit and on the other, you had a rough, malitia-like group of individuals with little organization.
I also, must say that the colonists gaining Dorchester Heights was a huge swing in momentum. For a makeshift group of individuals, that was definitely a shock to the British. I feel as though the colonists were completely overlooked by the British due to a lack of military experience. This came back to bite the British a variety of times including Washington's victory in Boston.
I realize the affects of Washington's victory at Boston when it came to shaking up the British. This was a total curveball and it made the British re-think their plans at the time.
Did anyone else find it odd that King George III had never fought in a war, yet he had such a strong army? But what is more odd, like Ben said, is that his army was defeated by such inexperienced Generals.
Alyssa Scott Question/Connection Right from the start I couldn’t help but to question the importance of events that took place 1776 and if they were indeed a vital event that affected us and our country today. Henry Knox’s voyage would be from the department of Fort Ticonderoga on December 9th to his time of arrival, January 18th was definitely a significant event. He traveled from Fort Ticonderoga, a fort built by the French then captured by the British then later was used and taken by the Americans, to Framingham. The whole point of the expedition was to acquire guns to help defeat the British and that’s exactly what he did. Knox, transporting a multiplicity of weapons such as mortars, 12 and 18 pound cannons and one 24lb cannon, overcame many predicaments and dilemmas that would almost surely discourage any other man. These dilemmas included blizzards, capsized boats, mountain wilderness, cannons that plummeted to the lake bed, and many days of heavy rowing into merciless headwinds. This all makes me curious as to how important every little detail in history has impacted us in some way today. Turning Point This story leads me to believe that it was a turning point. It not only supplied weapons and artillery to the Americans but it also was a great change in spirits. This is why I believe that the voyage of Henry Knox from Fort Ticonderoga was both a turning point and a chief factor in the success of the Continental Army. This helps the congress and Washington to have more confidence while attacking now that they know it’s possible. Prediction I can predict just how the British Parliament and the people of England are going to take the loss of Boston. I believe that now all of the people who were for the war are now going to be full of embarassment yet they will stand strong for what they believe. And I believe John Hancock when he says, “The humiliation the British had been subjected to… would make them (England) an even more formidable foe”.
After this section of reading I feel that not only the people of America, but the all the people of the world, learned a great deal of lessons and a vast amount of knowledge by having tons of confidence and then being taken down unexpectedly. The colonists figured out that if you stand strong for what you believe you will be able to achieve your goal. People learned that it helps to try to think of the other person’s point of view and not be close minded. If the British thought a little more about the colonists in America the war might not have happened at that time. On the flip side of intellectual lessons, there was a lot of knowledge shared and learned such as how to be a better leader and communicator, how to make guns and weapons more efficient, and without a doubt war strategies. All of these things were obtained from the events of “The Siege”.
Michaela Baumann, When first opening the book, I looked at the title page as well as the back cover to read the summary. Because of the title and summary, also the picture on the cover, I knew that the book would be about the revolutionary war between the British and the Americans. Before I began reading section one, I read the title "The Siege" and wondered if the British would capture town or something that the Americans were previously controlling. After I looked at all the pictures for section one, I was thinking that David McCullough would be introducing the lead Generals of both the Americans and British because of the fact that many of the pictures were portraits of them. Also I questioned who Henry Knox is and what is his importance,after reading the caption of the diary entry. I don't understand the reason he took a journey to Ticonderoga during the bitter months. After reading I figured out that it was an important trip that he took in order to get more fire arms and cannons. I'm guessing this section will take place in Boston for some time, until the British evacuate as i predicted. I think before they left, British would leave Boston in very poor condition.
When reading "1776", I could relate that war for freedom from the British to the war currently being fought in the middle east. The soldiers having to be away from there familes is of course very similar, also how familes worry that their soldier wont be okay in the end and how they miss them. Even though the soldiers were able to communicate to their families back then, the technology we have today makes it way more convenient with many different options.
When the author sort of took us through the battle of Bunker Hill, i was able to make a small connection. I previously learned about this battle in previous history classes and therefore I was able to use my background knowledge so i knew more details and could imagine it much better.
Thinking about the past, we can make sense of the present. The revolutionary war was being fought for independence from the British, for the Americans. A way we can learn from the past is to learn from experience; like an example could be using previous strategies that worked while fighting a battle or worked to help solve multi-nation conflicts, that strategy could be useful in the future, even though the technology would be different as time goes on. Also, learning from bad decisions or mistakes made by the Congress or Generals could help us out.
I deffinatley agree with Katelins comment, like Ian had said also. At first I thought it was foolish that they had chose that time of year, until you fully think of the effects that the other side, The British would have to face, that the Americans were much more prepared for so it ended up being a big benefit.
Visualize: Throughout the chapter the strongest image evoked in my mind was that of the American's fortification of the Dorchester Heights. I could vividly picture thousands of men under the cover of darkness chiseling away at the frozen ground in order to erect defenses, while across the town a spectacular firework of cannonade served as a distraction.
Importance: The Siege can, of course, be ambiguously disputed as one of the most important battles in the war, there being many others of significance. However, in terms of the strategic strength of the British in the American Colonies, the loss of a base of operations in New England, put them at a slight disadvantage, as now they had to gain a foothold, from whence to conduct operations, perhaps as feared by the Americans at New York, for more political than strategic reasons.
Turning point: In my opinion the turning point of the siege itself was the arrival of the guns from Fort Ticonderoga, which would allow bombardment of Boston, as well as giving better logic to the fortification of Dorchester Heights, from whence they could endlessly bombard Boston from a strategically superior position.
Differeing Perspectives: Obviously the capture of Boston was seen as a major victory by the Americans, retaking an important city port, as well as robbing the British of a foothold. However, across the Atlantic in London, such a loss to them was seen as nothing, since they had ordered Boston to be abandoned since October anyhow. Obviously the British considered the town lost and therefore would be planning for an assault somewhere else.
Comment: Brandon, I do agree that it is a bit odd that trained military minds were defeated by inexperienced ones. This in large part however, is due to the arrogance of the British commanders.
Preview/Predict: Judgin from the title of part 1, "The Siege" i predicted that the first section would dead with a siege early in the war. Then i proceeded to predict that chapter one would be about leadership such as the king and the main leaders of the american rebellion. I though then that chapter two would detail the american army and three would be the strategic use of Dorchester Hights.
Visualize: The most detailed part in the section was that of chapter three. I visualized the struggle of setting up fortifications to attack Boston and the withdrawal of the British troops.
Turning Point: The victory at Dorchester Heights was one of the greatest achievements for the continental army in section one. It boosted morale and gave the soldiers a sense of pride after idling around and losing the battle of Bunker Hill.
Differing Perspectives: To the Americans the king is an evil figure who has put them down. To the British he is royalty and what he says people will agree with. As we see the Americans were ready for all out war while the British tried to avoid it.
Comment: Lucas I agree that the battle at Dorchester was a major turning point. Not only did it boost morale it showed the rest of the world that they were a force to be reckoned with.
Zackry Wiese Predict, In section one I predict that they will focus on the main siege of a British held city. What exact city is to be found yet. I predict that the battles will have major impacts on either side and that battles will not be the only way of dying in the siege. Visualization: Throughout section 1 I pictured complete opposites at a standoff. The siege to me was an arc of rag tag soldiers surrounding a core encampment of well trained, well equipped, and very formal soldiers with their backs up against an ocean. As the winter loomed I pictured the redcoats becoming very ill and looking more like the Continental army and the Continental army becoming barley an army at all. Before reading this book I had always thought that the Continental army had a rough start but had organized fairly well before starting campaign but the reenlistment rates make it seem as if there wasn’t an army at all but a small group of brave men going against an entire empire. Toward the end of this section I picture the odds for each side turning worse as winter approaches. Through Their Eyes: Not all of the people in the colonies saw themselves as rebels. Many people thought of themselves as loyal to the crown. These people went inside the walls of Boston during the siege and many of them thought that seeking refuge there would be better than being next to rebel scum. This turned out to be a mistake of course because conditions were even worse in Boston than outside of Boston. Turning points: A major and obvious turning point in the siege was when the cannons from Ticonderoga arrived and were encamped on Dorchester hill. I think that this showed how ingenious Washington and his men were and how well they could organize if absolutely needed. Another turning point would be when Bunker Hill was won. It gave that extra boost of confidence that the colonists needed to keep on with the war. Question: Why was Washington able to organize his men so well for the Dorchester Hill campaign but not when he needed them to stay camped and be ready? It seemed as though they were rowdy and lazy until the time of battle was upon them. Response to Mark I agree that in the perspective of the British Boston wasn’t a very large loss they can always find another port to control and maybe and even better control point in the war.
Reading Thoughts- Importance (summarization) Despite the fact that every level of British society were in some way influenced by bribery and favoritism, and despite the fact that there were several important British politicians opposed to sending armed forces to the colonies, King George remained popular, even as he declared rebellion in America in October of 1775.
Visualization- As I read the section of the book that describes the British being kept in Boston by the continental army, I had a strong picture in my head of both sides. The colonists working hard to keep the British contained, as George Washington laid plans to fight at Dorchester Heights. The British quickly running out of supplies, and the feeling of devastation that must have gripped every single Boston resident as supply ships were unable to come. Partly due to weather, and partly due to the colonists' efforts to prevent them from delivering needed supplies to the British forces.
Reading Like a Historian- Cause and Effect- Cause- The majority of the continental army was made up of inexperienced soldiers. These were men who had never had to follow orders, or live in situations with resources quite as sparse as they were for the continental army. Most of these men viewed cleaning living quarters and washing clothes to be women's work, and consequently did not do them. Effect- George Washington ended up with an army that was resistant to proper instruction, and therefore took up a lot of precious time to try to train, in any way. Since the men were living in such filth, diseases spread wildly through the camps, often even spreading to surrounding villages. These ailments were often referred to as "camp fever".
Turning Point- When copies of King George III's speech reached the colonists, it was met with outrage. Deeply angered soldiers burned the speech. people were offended by its charges of rebellion, and Washington and others solidified their wish to cut all ties with England. This marks a turning point in the fact that the speech demonstrated that England had no wish to let the matter end lightly, and if it came to war, they would fight. Hopes of peacefully resolving the conflict seemed to die with the delivery of the king's speech.
In response to Mark's comment about the weapons arriving from Ticonderoga being the turning point of the siege, I agree that that is a formidable argument. I, however stick by the arrival of the king's speech being the key turning point, as it really fueled the desire for fighting in the Continental army. Had the King made a very different speech, calling for peace and cooperation, the weapons from Ticonderoga may never have been needed in the first place.
Chapter 1- I predicted that chapter 1 would describe King George the 3rd's history and entire life up to the Revolutionary war, and the politics, such as parliament, in England. Chapter 2- I predicted that chapter 2 would describe the rebel American rabble (army) and George Washington and the other major officials rise to power. I also predicted that the American army would be worse off than the English army due to lack of supplies and that the British army would retreat and evacuate Boston from the Pictures (Pg.52-53). Chapter 3- I Predicted that chapter 3 would be about Dorchester heights and how the Americans would lay siege to Boston.
Visualize Chapter 1- I visualize King George the III as a sane and standard king who tries to keep his country in order and slowly declines from normality into insanity due to a hereditary illness. Chapter 2- I visualized the American army without a standard uniform except for General Washington in his Grand Blue Uniform. I also pictured the mess of tents (and lack of them) and latrines scattered throughout the army camp. I also visualized the neat disciplined British army as well as the one officer in the American army who keeps his soldiers disciplined and has enough tents for his men. I also picture the preparations involved throughout the army and the training new recruits endure. Chapter 3- I visualize the American army attempting the impossible and fortifying Dorchester Heights under the cover of hay bales and night. I also picture the bombardment of shells/ mortars on each of the apposing armies, and the hasty retreat of the British leaving 40,000 to 50,000 pounds worth of supplies for the American army.
Turning Point- I believe the turning point of the war was a combination of both the Kings Speech that enraged so many Americans and the weapons from Ticonderoga. Both of these events had to occur in order to incite rebellion and equip the rebellious people. These events gave Americas the weapons and the "fire" to lay siege to Boston.
Change and Continuity- The morale of the American Soldiers increased from the victory in Boston and may encourage other Americans to join the army and fight for their country. The British have suffered a retreat and lost supplies to the Americans in their wake. The British army may have less morale due to the loss or they may be an injured animal, and greatly angered by the loss of Boston, thus fueling future attacks and actions.
I agree with Mark's comment about the arrogance of the British Officers that attended balls and other social functions and didn't take advantage of positions like Dorchester Heights. I also believe that the style of fighting was different back then. The British would sometimes fight in lines of three where the first would shoot, kneel and reload followed by the 2nd and 3rd line to keep a constant volley. Whereas the Americans would hide behind trees and rocks or any cover they could find. Granted some of the American Officers did the same thing in the beginning of the war because they were from England as well. The British also eventually thought this method futile and ceased firing in lines.
Preview/Predict: Based on the title of the first section, "The Siege", I predicted this section of the book would be about the British forces trying to eliminate the farmer rebels. Also, I thought it would deal more with the battle strategies of both sides in an effort to win the war.
Visualize: My visualization of the British forces is well-organized, numerous, and well-trained/supplied. On the other hand, I visualized Washington's Army as somewhat organized, scattered, and using what little supplies they can get their hands on. Also, I pictured the rebels as stealthful due their guerilla-war fighting strategy.
Turning Points: The victory at Dorchester Heights has to be one of the greatest turning points in the war for the colonists. For having experienced so many losses, and then this huge victory, it must have been an answer to many of the colonists prayers, and a huge boost for their morale.
Through Their Eyes: Many people at this time and point in the war would have probably thought the British to have the upper hand in this war. The victory at Dorchester Heights would defiantly have changed many people's opinions on who really had the upper-hand from the British to colonists.
Comment: Christain I fully agree with you on your "Change and Continuity" Section. This would victory would have given the colonist confidence that they could truely win this war.
Reading Thoughts: Preview/Predict-When I saw the title of the first chapter I initially thought that it would be about George Washington and how he assumed his duty as the commander of the colonial army. I made that prediction because i know that many colonists looked up to Washington as a great authority figure and many treated him like royalty. Also, for some reason, I assumed that this book would be entirely about the war effort in America, which is why I did not anticipate that chapter one could be about George III. Once I read the poem about the King at the beginning of the chapter however, I realized that it would be about King George III and how he and Parliament handled the rebellion in America.
Turning Points- Many of the previous people that posted said that they believed that the victory at Dorchester Heights was the biggest turning point. I believe that the biggest turning point was when Henry Knox returned with the artillery from Fort Ticonderoga. That was the biggest turning point, not only because it boosted morale but it also was the key event that set the American army up for victory at Dorchester Heights. If that event had not occurred, then the American army may not have driven the British out of Boston. Also, this event proved Henry Knox's worth to the army and I think he will play an important role in the battles to come. Another turning point was when the General Howe decided to stay for the winter. This was also a turning point because the British soldiers were not at all accustomed to winter in the colonies and consequently they suffered, many of their watchmen dying as a result of the cold. And of course, the victory at Dorchester Heights was a major turning point because after many months and a hard winter, the Americans finally drove the British from Boston. Not only did this victory boost morale but it also proved that the American army had potential in overcoming the British in the colonies.
Reading like a Historian: Visualize- The part of this section that I was most able to visualize was Reverend William Emerson's account of the American encampments on pages 28-29. Before reading this passage I already knew that the American army was unorganized but reading Emerson's journal entry really gave me a sense of how unorganized it really was. Emerson's description made me feel like I was actually following him around the camp and seeing all the misshapen tents. I like the fact that each soldier's tent reflected his own personality and also his origins. The diversity of the camps demonstrated the diversity of the American colonies and how so many different people were working together for one cause. Nathanael Green's regiment also showed how well read he was in the ways of war and also how seriously he was committed to an honorable war effort.
Cause/Effect- To many, the fact that the American army was not nearly as organized as the British army may seem a shortcoming. However, their disorder as an army did prove to give some benefits. One benefit is that soldiers like Henry Knox, who were merely bookstore owners before the war, were given the chance to prove their worth to the army and offer ideas. Washington was so desperate for guns since the army was short on money that he was willing to entrust $1,000 to a soldier who had no experience, and who was trying to accomplish a mission that many had deemed impossible. In the British army, all of the generals and other authority figures were already appointed so there would have been little chance that they would have trusted a commoner with such a responsibility. Another benefit that the American army gained with being less organized than the British was that at times the British undAnderestimated them. "According to the diary of one British officer, a few of the British did find out as early as February 29, from deserters and a spy referred to only as 'Junius,' that the rebels intended to 'bombard the town from Dorchester' (p. 90). This passage shows that the British knew five days in advance that there was a possibility of an attack on Boston, yet they did not take it seriously. The only reason that they would not take the information from one of their own spies would be because they did not believe the attack to be possible and because they did not believe that the Americans could pull off the attack. Of course there were downsides to the disorganization of the American army like the lack of resources and lack of command at times, but at times the benefits outweighed the obstacles.
Comment: Michaela, hat is a very good point, that the technology of the day made it very hard for the soldiers to communicate with their families. I can't imagine how inefficient it would be to send a letter from Boston to Maine or Virginia. And all that time the letter was on its way, the soldiers family might think that he was dead.
Preview/Predict When I first opened the book, I took note of the section title, "The Siege." After reading that, I predicted the chapter would be much about a key battle of the Revolutionary War. I was correct in this prediciton, but I was not ready for the level of details related to important figures of the war. I assumed much more would have been abou the battle itself.
Connections While reading this section of the book, I could not help but think of numerous sports movies where an underdog group of rag-tag players comes together under a strong leader, to upset the heavyweight favorite. The similarity is seen by the poorly trained Continental Army under the strong leadership of Washington finding a way to defeat the British.
Turning Points The major turning point was the siege of Boston itself. While many other events fueled the rebel cause, the victory at Boston showed the world that the Continental Army was a capable fighting force, and it gave the cause for Independence greater momentum. Another turning point was the arrival of artillery from Fort Ticonderoga. This boosted the morale of the Continental Army, and it was the main driving force behind the success of the Siege.
Differing Perspectives The main differing perspectives in this section that can be seen is between the Separatists and the Loyalists. The Loyalists felt the government in Britain had been fair in its treating of the colonies. The members of the Continental Army and the Separatists felt that they were being unjustly dealt with by the British government, because they lacked representation in the British Parliament.
Comment (Chris Werner) Chris, I agree with your Through Their Eyes paragraph, because I feel that most people at that time did not think that the Continental Army would be much of a match for the British, who were the world’s major power at the time.
Preview And Predict: Based on the title "The Siege" and sub-titles Sovereign Duty, Rabble in Arms, and Dorchester Heights. I quickly concluded that the first chapter "Sovereign Duty" would be about the British and how they were dealing with all the rebelling taking place in the American Colonies. When I read the second chapter "Rabble in Arms" I thought to myself that must be talking about the American Army because the word Rabble means a crowd that is noisy and hard to control. Which the Americans were clearly doing but with Arms(guns). The last chapter of the section "Dorchester Heights" to me meant a battle taking place at Dorchester Heights where everything could change.
Visualize: As reading I pictured everything from the British army in their redcoats, a well-organized strategy, and top of the line weapons. On the other side of things I pictured the Americans in ragged clothing and the hundreds of men who had never fought in a war before.
Turning Point: As many would agree the major turning point in this section was when the American Colonists took over Dorchester Heights. This severly made the British rethinks strategy while on the other hand this gave great hope for the colonist. This boosted the colonists very much and gave them something to fight for.
Cause and Effect: A main factor was the winters in Boston which greatly hurt both sides. The British a little more that the Rebels because they were not use to the harsh climate. Althought it was also tough on the Rebels they knew what was coming and were prepared much more than the British. With almost no supplies for the British this was the factor of the white flag.
Comment:In response to Ben Gorichs, I would have to totally agree on the young inexperienced leaders such as Henry Knox was a bookseller at the age of thirty five and Nathaniel Green was age twenty five and somehow they still managed to be successful
Wachong Thor
ReplyDeleteThroughout section 1, i visualized the appearance of the Continental Army versus the British Army. The Continental Army had no matching uniforms and the generals had to mark themselves so that they could be recognized. On the other side, the British Army had their bright red matching uniforms. I never really thought or remember about the Continental Army being disorganized. It contradicted what I presently thought about the army.
People during the time of the Revolutionary Warsaw themselves as loyal to the king or a patriot who wants to separate from the King. This impacted their ations simply by fighting or not or aiding the British or not. A choice that affected the king to send more troops occurred at Boston and Dorchester Heights. It presented a stronger force was ahead of him.
Ramsey Beilke-
ReplyDeleteWhile reading section 1 I was really struck at how massive the conflict really was. To have near 14,000 troops manning cannons would be a formidable sight as well as a very deterring one. These huge numbers were somewhat offset by the heroics of a few people, namely, Henry Knox. His actions as a single person in charge of some troops caused a huge turning point in the siege that ultimately one them the conflict in Boston.
Another thing that came to my attention while reading was how impractical the siege was. While it was of great importance to the war, most sieges suffer greatly during the winter months, and the fact that so many troops did end up staying during the winter really shows the courage and moral of the army. It seemed to me that the next section will have a more negative feel. I think I understood it right when it said that Washington's army was marching for New York and the British were landing in Halifax. It is weird that British would land there since it is so far away from New York where the Continental Army is going. But if the British went down the St. Lawrence(I think)river the could attack New York from its flank which would be bad for the Continental Army.
Commenting on Wachong's Post-
I also found it contradicting that they were not organized. I knew they weren't before, but I remember learning sometime that they were trained by a French guy. Maybe that happens later. I think that you are right about the peoples' loyalties playing a part in the decision to bring more troops, and had it not played out as it had with the amount of people being loyal to the crown we might have lost the war. Because had more people fought for freedom on our side, the king would have sent many more troops and the continental army would have been overpowered.
Nice work using comparison skills Wachong! keep up the good work
ReplyDeleteRamsey, Some good insights. Maybe you are referring to Lafayette, but more likely it was the German, Von Steuben who did the training of the troops later on at Valley Forge. Thank you for commenting and following up on Wachong's comments.
ReplyDeleteKelli Hughes
ReplyDeleteReading Thoughts:
(This was before I read it)
Preview/Predict- At the beginning the title of this chapter/part is "Sovereign Duty". I was just thinking that maybe this could be the king's view or maybe it was General Washington's view. The King's because he felt that it was his sovereign duty to bring the Americans into "line" with his country. I thought Washington's because because maybe he thought it was his sovereign duty to unite the people and lead them to independence.
Questions: What caused the Americans to revolt/rebel against the king when everything was "perfect"? (I know the answer- taxes- but this leads to my connection:)
Connection: Today we are still "feuding" over the taxes on many of our daily goods like our groceries and gas.
Visualize: I thought that I had a very good visualization on page 56, where everyone got together for a war conference and they were all sitting around the fireplace with Benjamin Franklin and everyone discussing the tactics that could be used.
Thinking Like A Historian:
Cause and Effect:
-I was amazed at the idea of one side taking control of a hill (Dorchester Heights) and gaining the upper hand in the fight. I didn't really think of how, to be standing on top of Dorchester Heights, you would be able to see the whole town and harbor. It was cool how they did that in the middle of the night and then the next morning none of the British soldiers thought anything of it; until they were forced out of there!(haha)
Using The Past: I think that we should be able to see from our past wars and feuds that fighting a war brings much blood shed and heartbreak, the ultimate being the loss of life.
-Another point is that our government (right now) is deciding on tax obligations that would benefit their party not the entire country as a whole; isn't that was King George did? And look how well that ended...
My favorite phrase(Pg 11): "He hoped his people in America would see the light, and recognize 'that to be a subject of Great Britain, with all its consequences, is to be the freest member of any civil society in the know world.'"
Comment on Ramsey's Post: I agree with you; I was amazed at how this rag-tag bunch of farmers and tradesmen could pull together and defeat someone as strong as the king and his forces. I was also thinking that if the British soldiers didn't kill the Americans then the harsh winters would make it almost unbearable; and the fact that they didn't have proper shelter was also one of the things that made me think that things weren't going to get much better. But I guess in the end, true belief in a cause trumps all that the world has to throw at you. The perseverance of those Americans brought us to where we are today: being able to freely practice what we believe in and standing up for what we believe in.
-Karsyn Schirmer-
ReplyDeleteKelli,
I totally agree with your opinion on the Dorchester Heights. The British completely disregarded how intelligent the Americans' army could be, especially when their spy Junius told them about the army planning to "'bombard the town from Dorchester'" (91) and they completely ignored it.
Preview/Predict: Looking forward into chapter one of part one, I saw King George III's name mentioned many times. This (along with the short song starting off the chapter) leads me to believe that the first chapter will be about King George III and his royal doings before the Revolution. Chapter two in part one appeared to be widely about Washington and other generals (or other military positions), particularly General Nathanael Greene, who is quoted at the beginning of the chapter. It is clear that Greene had great respect for Washington. The final chapter in part one looks like it will be about Dorchester Heights, which (when researched) turned out to be originally in the hands of the British army but was taken by Washington when the British left for Halifax, ending in the possession of Boston for the U.S. for nearly the rest of the Revolution.
Change and Continuity: What has changed? The governmental system of Britain has changed from the 1770's until now, changing from a powerful monarchy into a constitutional monarchy in which the monarch's powers are limited and decisions such as passing laws, approving taxes, and debating daily issues are made by Parliament. Also, the head of the government and appointer or department ministers is now the Prime Minister, whereas back then King George III was ruler of most power. What has remained the same? The governmental similarity in Britain from the 1770's to today is that they still have a monarchy, and that the monarch is still from the royal bloodline. Who has benefitted from the change? Who has not? In my opinion, the people have benefitted from the change in governmental system because now there are multiple groups of different people making decisions so that the government can be positively affected by the collaboration of government officials instead of one supreme decision decided by usually one person. I would say that no one has really been afflicted by this change, except for maybe a bit for the royal family. Their once unlimited power has been scaled back to a condensed set of decisions they can make. But honestly, who are they to complain? They can still make some decisions, they're filthy rich, and without as many decisions to make, they can relax a bit more.
Evaluation: Matching/Contradicting Information? In chapter one, I stumbled upon some information that contradicted what I had found in earlier research. The book had nothing but good things to say about King George, calling him good-natured and well liked by his people. In my research, he was said to have wanted a more supreme monarchy than his father and grandfather, and that his stacking of Parliamentary voters on his side upset the public. I wonder if the book may have been leaving that out. Chapter two’s information about the quality of the American army definitely stayed true to what I had learned in the past. There were also a few things that I didn’t know, such as the fact that so many diseases spread throughout the camp. Also, I had always thought that everyone had the same type of weapons, when in reality they had a variety of different guns. The only confusion with prior knowledge I had during chapter three was that General Washington wasn’t the best general out there. This surprised me because in past references to his time as a general, he seemed like he was put on a higher level than all of the rest.
-Karsyn Schirmer-
ReplyDeleteCause and Effect: What were the causes of past events? The cause of the American Revolution was the colonists’ growing desire for independence from England. What were the effects? The effect of this want was the rising up of an army in the colonies and the beginning of the Revolution. Who or what made the change happen? Various officials, namely George Washington, made the Revolution happen. Who supported and who didn’t support the change? The vast majority of the colonists and many distinguished generals in the French and Indian War supported the Revolution, while Britain and its people along with Loyalists didn’t. Which effects were intentional, which were accidental? The biggest intentional effect of the Revolution was the colonies’ splitting off from the Britain and gaining their independence. The accidental (and unfortunate) effect was the many casualties due to disease, death by the British, starvation, and hypothermia during the American Revolution.
My apologies, this part got cut off.
-James-Paul Vang-
ReplyDeleteImportance:I felt as if the importance of this section is winning of Bunker Hill. As Bunker Hill was being occupied by the British, the American were being busy deciding how to take Bunker Hill. It was pretty impressive of Washington military Tactics to conquering Bunker Hill. Even though Washington Army conquer Bunker Hill, it felt as if they were over confident,
Predict: I predict as if the battle that Washington Army had won at Bunker Hill, gave them confident. To me, I believe with there new re-found confident, they will be over confident and we will lose a couple of battle in the next section.
Commenting on Kelli Hughes post-
I hate thinking about the taxes. It is wild thing about taxes. But going about King George, that didn't get him far. Intersecting thought about taxes and relating it to military tactics.
Jake Coenen
ReplyDeleteReading Thoughts:
In the beginning of the book I had great difficulty in getting into the book therefore making it very tough to read. One thing that grabbed my attention was Howe's disregard for what Washington was doing during the war. Today, because of many great "upsets" in sports and throughout history this is less likely to happen because leaders always have more respect for one another’s abilities so they don’t often make the mistake of not at least attempting to "scout" their opponents. Another thought that I had about the reading was the decision of Howe being the commander-in-chief for the British. It appeared that Montresor would have been a better fit due to his knowledge of America. However since he wasn’t an aristocrat he wasn’t given the job. This made me think about what if Ted Thompson and Mike McCarthy, of the Green Bay Packers, had made the decision to go with, the more popular pick, Brett Favre? Would the Packers have won the Super Bowl this year? If Montresor had been selected, would we have won the war?
Reading Like a Historian:
Turning Points, General Washington’s decision to work vigorously on Dorchester Heights was very important because it made Howe retreat back to Boston and that in turn forced the British to leave Boston. When the British retreated from Boston it gave more than just control of the city, it also gave hope to both the American soldiers and the American people.
Change and Continuity, during this section the momentum shifted from the British more so to the Americans in some ways. The Americans seriously “injured” the British forces in the Battle of Bunker Hill and also they forced the British out of Boston via the “victory” at Dorchester Heights. However, America suffered a minor blow when the enlistments of soldiers began to expire. Many soldiers could not be convinced to stay so they left (to make matters worse many took home their muskets which was important because supplies were already running very thin).
James Paul Vang, I disagree with your statement on the importance of the section coming in the Battle of Bunker Hill. In my opinion the Dorchester Heights "victory" was more of a pivotal point because I believe that is where Washington thoroughly displayed his impressive military tactics. He did this in such a way that he even "scared" Howe into retreating. (I know that it never said that is exactly what happened but I am inferring that is part of why he ordered the retreat).
Corinna Martell
ReplyDeleteThrough their eyes: As I read section 1 there was continually this sense of helplessness that I could not get over and many people would be..well duh Corinna, the 13 colonies are waging war on on a large european power. For some reason this just didnt seem like the answer then I came across a quote. James warren, president of the Mass Assembly wrote, "Things hereabouts remain in pretty much the same situation, we look at their lines and they view ours....They want courage to attack us and we want powder to attack them and so there is no attack on either side."(p.56) This point in the war did not see much action and I believe part of it was due to fear. Washington was ready to make a move but it's obvious that the British were hiding something, perhaps the fear of looking an embarrasing defeat in the face? The British army was filled with grandeur but I do believe that even at the beggining of the war they had come to the realization that they met their match, no uniforms, unorginization and all.
Connections: I had to make a comment about the machiavellian reference made in the first chapter. In the House of Commons were Britians best politicians gathering and voicing how absurd the acts of the "rebels" were. John Wilkes stated,"We are fighting for subjection, the unconditional submission of a country more extended than our own, of which every day increases the wealth, the natural strength,the population. Should we not succeed...we shall be considered as their most implacable enemies, an eternal separation will follow, and the grandeur of the British empire pass away."(p.15)This rebellion was seen by Britain more as a protest in need of reprimand rather than a declaration against everything British. George Johnston goes on to say, "Every Machiavellian policy is now to be vindicated towards the people of America"(p.15) Now for those who are unfamiliar with Machiavelli b.1469 he was an Italian philosopher with an different approach to politics. In 1513 he published II Principe (The Prince) which is most likely the work Johnston was refering to. It was machiavelli's treatise involving how a prince should rule his principality successfully and brought disgust even to the royal Medici family. For Britian to claim such on America was in itself asking for war.
Turning Points: Although it is obvious that Dorchester Heights was a turning point I believe there was an even greater one, the moment Americans knew this war meant total sovereignty. We could ideally mark this at the moment Thomas Paine published Common Sense. The pamphlet was one of the fasted circulated in American history and brought forth arguments for freedom and what it would give to the American people. Paine wrote, "The sun never shined on a cause of greater worth.",and "Everything that is right or reasonable pleads separation."(p.112) Washington in his last letter to Joseph Reed while at Cambridge wrote, "I find Common Sense is working a powerful change there in the minds of many men."(p.112)It is possible that Paine set the stage for a new purpose of the Revolutionary War.
Jake, I agree with you on the fact that Howe did "disreguard" Washington most likely due to the fact he underestimated him and his army. Although I do have to note that i also believe leaders tend to gravitate more towards marking their enimies weaknessess and this in history has often proved fatal.
Corinna Martell
ReplyDeleteQuestions: opps sorry I forgot one. While reading the passage I was confused as to why the British chose New York as their destination, perhaps I missed it in the text?
Nate Kitchell
ReplyDelete(Corinna): I also had that question about why the British chose New York. Maybe I missed that too but I don't remember that either.
Predict/Preview: At the beginning of Part 1 when I read the title The Siege, I thought that this part was going to be more about the battles that ensued as the the British arrived in the colonies. As I read on though the book seemed to be more biographical because it seems it was more about individuals involved in different parts of the American Army than the army as a whole.
Questions: What would have caused a normal colonist at the time, let's says a farmer, to leave their family and go join the army if their farm job is going well?
Change and continuity: Since the beginning of the book a lot has changed citizens are joining the rebel army because they are sick of the taxes being pressed on them. More British troops are being sent to the colonies because the rebel forces are growing. The british continue to control the colonies, while the rebel army is still getting organized. Neither side has really benifited from the change in the colonies.
Chang Lee
ReplyDeleteVisualize: David McCullough did a very good job at describing the town of Boston when it was being siege. As I read the part on how it says "A few of the men came to shore...some without legs, and others without arms; and their clothes hanging on them" (8); here it really shows how the inhabitants of Boston was living because it was describe as melancholy, disease, and death. Here it really shows how the picture of the town is.
Question: I wonder why the King remained popular in the country when the Americans are trying to take Boston? How did bribery become a stander mercenary system?
Turning Points: When the King receive information on how Boston was doing, he decide to sent more reinforcement to help the his loyalist people in Boston.
Using the past: When we go back to bribery, favoritism and all those other topics, it relates to the present because there is still use of favoritism and bribery in the political world. From bribery and favoritism we have learn that in order to stay in power they must use every way to stay in power.
Commenting on Nate Kitchell: I also have the same prediction that section one was going to be all about battle, but later on it was more about individuals to the two sides.
Dustin Johnson
ReplyDeleteCause and Effect: The battle at Boston was the effect of the careful planning of Washington. Throughout the winter at Boston, many of the soldiers that occupied the area were taking a toll from the weather, and thus helped Washington in his attempt to control the area, as the British were in need of supplies for quite sometime. The intentional act of the plan to fire upon the British to mask the noise of the work the soldiers were doing to prepare Dorchester Point was very astonishing, and put them in the position to defeat the British in Boston. The effect of this careful planning and the move to attack came at the expense of the Boston soldiers surrendering the area and being forced to leave, doing all sorts of damage to the spirits of the soldiers and the British attitude towards the war.
Turning Points: The choice for the British to stay in such cold and frigid areas as they did (also American soldiers) would hurt the army as a whole, making them vulnerable to disease and other problems from the lack of preparation. Another decision that will impact the next section is the fact that the British were in such a hurry to flee the area, they did a poor job of destroying any possible supplies that would be left behind for Washington and his troops.
This was a very interesting section from the viewpoint of the Americans. There wasn't much for them to go off of, and from the lack of experience and many other troubles, they still captured Boston from the British. This amazing feat surly brought up America's spirit.
Question: What would have happened if Dorchester wasn't a success? How would the soldiers react? How would the governments react?
Commenting on Corinna Martell: All I could really interpret from the move for New York was that it was just the next logical move in the war. It must have posed a great spot for the military to control and battle on. I guess it was a little fuzzy for me too, but it had just said that both sides were looking at moving all operation to New York at one time or another.
Cora Gennerman
ReplyDeleteReading thoughts: Before even starting the first page of this section, i realized that i had no idea what the word "Siege" meant. So i decided to look it up, and found that it meant "the act or process of surrounding and attacking a fortified place in such a way as to isolate it from help and supplies, for the purpose of lessening the resistance of the defenders and thereby making capture possible." (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/siege). That made a lot of sense after reading this section and proved to be very helpful knowing the meaning of "Siege".
I am a very visual person, so before even starting the first section, I looked over all the pictures to try and put the time period in better perspective. Everything McCullough talks about, he goes into so much detail, For example, the first five pages were all details about King George III and the revolution. I realized that I didn't really know King George III very well, so I looked him up, and I found out that he was only 22 years old. That is pretty crazy to be so young, but have so much responsibility! Not only was he so young when he had the throne, but he also kept it for about 50 years!
Turning Points: The battle at bunker hill gave colonists a boost of confidence that carried with them the rest of the war. The British lost almost twice as many men as the colonists, and even though they had won the battle, the British could never break the resistance of Boston.
Cause and effect: I thought it was a little ridiculous that Germain charged the Earl of Dartmouth with disobedience because he was "slow" at getting things done. I think that maybe the court wanted him out for a different reason that know one knows about. The effect of him being discharged for further service, is that he became a politician, and directed many operations of the war anyway, however, he always remained unassertive.
Questions: I wonder that since King George had no real experience because of his age, if anyone ever took advantage of that? Why didn't Howe ever care who the enemy leader was? I also wonder that if the "infectious filth" hadn't taken over Washington's army, if more of the solders would've reenlisted.
Responding to Dustin's Comment: It is very easy to see that ever since the Americans captured Boston from Britain, it brought up their confidence level a lot, and thats just what they needed going into this war.
Jonathon Wenzel
ReplyDeleteVisualization: One event that grabbed my imagination most was General Knox's "artillery train," the 58 mortars and cannons moving across Lake George, one of the boats having to be pulled, people coming to see the cannons as said on page 96, "We found that very few, even among the oldest inhabitants, had ever seen a cannon."
This seemed to have an affect on me, for now I wish to see how else the author describes various events.
Importance: An event that I feel plays a pivotal roll in the war was the rebels attempting to hide the preparing of the battle of Dorchester. Would it have succeeded if the British found out about the attack before the rebels were prepared? In my speculation, it would not because failure here most likely meant defeat of the rebel forces, thus ensuring British domination.
Through Their Eyes: Imagine what it could have been like to be in Boston during this time of attack; the roar of the cannons, the sight of people fleeing for safety, the smell of gunpowder wafting in the air, it would have been a very dramatic scene and I for one would be scared out of my mind.
Differing Perspectives: It is an interesting experience to see the view of the rebels, trying to fight what they thought of as a great injustice. However I wonder what the British side of this view would be? If one was to guess, I would guess that it would, to the British, be a betrayal to not just country, but to the King as well, the greatest injustice that needed to be stamped out immediately.
Commenting on Chang Lee's question about the King of England: The King remained popular because the King was thought of as a god, sent down from heaven to guide his people, and this acted as much as a leadership as it did as a religion (which the King also dictated), and people are very committed to religion, especially back then when there was so much more unknown. That might explain part of the reason why the King remained so favored.
Zachary Bluestein
ReplyDeleteConnections: Howe, after finding the rebels occupying Dorchester heights, claimed that "the rebels did in one night what I could not make my army do in 3 months". The rebels were so driven for this cause against the British not only because the British had been taxing them heavily, but because they had been doing it with such inconsideration for the colonists and then oppressed them using force thus violating their human rights. Anyway, this can be connected to a similar feeling expressed by teachers after Scott Walker, made unions illegal in the state of Wisconsin. The teachers were angry not only because they knew the inevitable loss of income that would soon come upon them, but also because they felt that their rights as American citizens were being violated.
Questions: What would've happened if the British got to Dorchester Heights first? Why did they sit anchored in the bay for so long? And what was going through Howe's mind?
Different Perspectives: The rebels probably saw the British leaving Boston as a sign of victory, as a British defeat; after all, just the sight of the rebel cannons aimed at them drove them to an all-out expedited fleeing of Boston. However, the British, especially with their "we are the best and no one can beat us" attitude that they possess, probably viewed this as a strategic move that does not show invulnerability, but rather a way to change the theatre of war to their advantage. Furthermore, this viewpoint is further enforced by the empire of Britain's ability to be perceived as an unbeatable superpower.
Turning point: Obviously, the retreating of the British and the loyalists from Boston was a major turning point for the rebels, and as we've learned from this part of the book, morale can mean everything when it comes to the rebels. Such an incredible morale boost for the rebels means that they could continue to fight well against the British even against such formidable odds. Also, their are clearly somewhat adequate supplies left in Boston that the rebels are in great need of that would continue to help them on their quest against the British.
Commenting on Jonathon Wenzel's post about Differing perspectives: The crown was making staggering amounts of money off of the colonists'. His greatest reason for trying so hard to keep them under the British empire's control was monetary and nothing else.
Taylor Apfelbeck
ReplyDeleteVisualizing: I found while reading a seemingly minor scene on page 61 that I had a much better picture of George Washington afterwards, both his physical appearance and stature. The squabble between the Virginia riflemen that turned violent was broken up immediately when he "with and iron grip seized two tall, brawny, athletic, savage-looking riflemen by the throat...alternating shaking and talking to them." Everyone at the scene fled immediately. This shows that Washington's presence demanded respect and that he was very powerful. After that scene I found it easier to picture him commanding an army.
Questions: While reading about how important Dorchester Heights was to both sides, I wondered why General Howe seemed to not care about taking it for the British? I thought it may have been because General Clinton had suggested seizing it immediately to the members of the Province House. Howe disliked Clinton very much, and this may have affected his judgement.
Cause and Effect: The obvious disregard of King George III toward the colonies fueled the start of the revolution. If he had treated them like "Englishmen" instead of using them only for the crown and Parliament's benefit, then they could have mutually benefited from each other for many years. However, it was inevitable that the colonies would break away from Britain eventually. It must have been very difficult to rule one country from thousands of miles away, and the colonists would have realized that and rebelled. The revolution could have been much more peaceful if King George III had actually cared about the colonists like he did about his loyal subjects.
Turning Points: I think the colonist's victory at Boston after taking Dorchester Heights was a very major turning point. They had proved to the British that they would not just back down, and they also proved to themselves that the Glorious Cause really did have a fighting chance. But the British were humiliated after being forced to retreat, and instead of heading back to Britain with the Loyalists or to New York like the rebels predicted, they headed to Halifax.
Responding to Zachary Bluestein's comment: The answer to the question of what would have happened if the British had captured Dorchester Heights instead of the rebels can't be known for sure because that didn't happen. But I think that would have been the end of the war. The rebels had been sitting in awful conditions for months and many had just left because they were tired of being there. The British occupying the high ground would have definitely have been a good strategy to quickly bring down the rebels.
Johanna Bixby
ReplyDeleteVisualize: There are many great points in this first part that I could visualize detailed scenes and profiles. During the whole entire passage describing Knox moving all those guns and canons all the way to the Berkshire Mountains I could just see all these men struggling to pull 120,000 pounds of machines with just a little help from Mother Nature. I could picture Knox drilling holes into the Hudson River hoping the water coming through would thicken the ice allowing the load to pass by safely. I could also just imagine standing amongst the spectators watching all these guns traveling up and down the mountains in amazement.
Questions: What would have happened if the British would have moved to New York instead of staying in Boston? Would we still have won the battle that would have taken New York back to us? Would we have even choose to try to take it back like we did with Boston?
Change and Continuity: Everything about war and how the army fights has changed dramatically since the Revolutionary War. Back then the British army would just line straight up in an open field in their bright red coats hoping that their random shots would hit someone. This strategy has been ditched almost completely due to the more advanced, more accurate, stronger guns. If we wouldn’t have come up with better techniques numbers beyond belief of people would be killed. The American army started to use techniques more like modern strategies by ditching the lines and going for the camouflage of the woods and other forms of coverage. One fighting strategy that has always seemed to work though is the advantage of being on higher ground, like a hill. Just look at it, the American army set up at the top of Dorchester Heights so that the angle was so great that guns couldn’t be fired with as much accuracy. Even with the British’s “..immediate response, a thunderous two-hour cannonade, proved nothing, as their guns could not be elevated sufficiently to strike a target so high”. Even looking at modern day snipers and techniques, hills are still being used to our advantage. Lastly, the ability of surprise. The battle of Dorchester wouldn’t have been as effective if the American army wouldn’t have been able to take down the British when they didn’t expect them to. Surprise is still highly used in many parts of war and strategies.
Through Their Eyes: To be either a rebel or even a loyalist in that time period would have been very nerve racking and pretty scary. From the beginning it seemed that the loyalist had everything in control and that the rebels were just trying to get what they felt they deserved. The victory over Boston must have given them so much pride and excitement. To have won one of the biggest moves in the war would have been astonishing. On the other hand, to be a loyalist at the time would have been terrifying, there would have been a lot of decision making to be done: If you would stay and handle what was happening in America, or if you would take the dangerous trip back to Europe.
Response to Taylor Apfelbeck: I agree with your effect of George Washington’s description. I knew that he was a respected person, but that part showed me just how much he was truly respected and honored. I also would agree that the victory of Boston WAS a huge turning point. Till then the British didn’t seem to take us to seriously as an army, that just because we didn’t have the looks, or the numbers, that we weren’t going to stand up for what we believed in. They underestimated our will power, and our determination to receive the respect and rights that we, as a country, felt we deserved.
Chicks with guns ;)
ReplyDelete~ Lydia Hunger ~
ReplyDeleteDiffering Perspectives: King George III in my mind and from what I see of an American stand point is seen as a horrible man that kept the early settlers down with tea taxes, the stamp act, and high prices. From the get go of this story, this brilliant, pale, blue eyed man is seen as a more humble man with a steadfast relationship, knack of putting people at ease, and as "socially awkward at Court occasions -- many found him disappointingly dull" (McCullough 5) Now that I see this other side of the great king, I’m no longer seeing the villain side of him. He merely was being loyal to Britain and serving his people who were loyal to him in return.
Through Their Eyes: On the different sides, I could see many different views from the people of this time. How the British Loyalists perhaps disgusted the colonists, while some wished to join them. But what variable really interested me was looking through the eyes of the generals and commanders of the war. To have to lead your men into battle, knowing that you very well could lose many men, or to even be in charge of a town as Nathanael Greene was at one point. I couldn’t even wrap my mind around the responsibility. “Gentlemen, not one of you will ever see that place again,” (McCullough, 108). Another thought that I couldn’t simply leave out. Through the eyes of the children who had to watch their fathers serve in war, or even witnessed the war. At just five years old, to hear such words… I found it easy to believe that the merchant’s son had held onto them for so long, the memory engraved in his brain.
Visualize: The rotten stench and poorly kept clothing and appearances of the soldiers going into battle filled my mind. I couldn’t imagine that the soldiers wouldn’t simply wash their clothing themselves and would rather be filthy than be caught doing women’s work. It appalled me that these men could fight in such condition, and I could almost feel the sickness on their flesh. It was no wonder camps broke out in disease and so many of them, including the friends and family that visited, died.
Connections: This past year after visiting Washington D.C. and seeing George Washington’s home in Virginia, Mount Vernon, I was interested to hear more in the story and was able to relate to what I saw, and the variety of servant work places and the immensity of the home itself.
Responding to Taylor Apfelbeck: I too was astounded by the honor, and power given to the general during this snowball fighting scene. Not only was George Washington revered by many, but he could clear up a brawl by simply stepping into it and taking a strong hold of a couple men. This power given to him I saw as a foreshadowing to the true respect he would be given as the nation’s first true leader, and president.
Lauren Anklam
ReplyDeleteQuestions: What was the House of Commons? Where mercenaries a good of bad idea of George III? How was there not a way to keep the camp clean?
Connections: The camp's uncleanliness reminds me of of learning about Sub-Saharan Africa last year in HUG. They have the same problem of keeping diseases and bacteria's from not spreading.
Turning points: The colonists taking Dorchester Heights was a turning point. It was a confidence boost for them and also showed the British they weren't backing down even with the odds.
Cause and Effect: Winter in Boston was a struggle for British, even though General Howe was given orders to abandon Boston before winter hit. With that and the tactful planning of Washington helped his attempt to gain control of the area because the British were struggling on supplies. The effect of Washington's plan helped him defeat the British and gave themselves a confidence boost and lowered the spirits of the British for further action of the war.
Drew Litrenta
ReplyDeleteVisualize: There are many great points in this first part that I could visualize detailed scenes and profiles. During the whole entire passage describing Knox moving all those guns and canons all the way to the Berkshire Mountains I could just see all these men struggling to pull 120,000 pounds of machines with just a little help from Mother Nature. I couldn’t imagine that the soldiers wouldn’t simply wash their clothing themselves and would rather be filthy than be caught doing women’s work. It appalled me that these men could fight in such condition, and I could almost feel the sickness on their flesh. It was no wonder camps broke out in disease and so many of them, including the friends and family that visited, died.
Connections: As I read the parts of Washingtion DC. I can't help think of how much the describtions here vs. when I visited last summer. It seemed as anything would change so much between all of those years.
Turning Points: I think the colonist's victory at Boston after taking Dorchester Heights was a very major turning point. They had proved to the British that they would not just back down, and they also proved to themselves that the Glorious: The battle at bunker hill is another turning point that gave colonists a boost of confidence that carried with them the rest of the war. The British lost almost twice as many men as the colonists, and even though they had won the battle, the British could never break the resistance of Bostonus Cause really did have a fighting chance.
Cause and Effect:The obvious disregard of King George III toward the colonies fueled the start of the revolution. If he had treated them like "Englishmen" instead of using them only for the crown and Parliament's benefit, then they could have mutually benefited from each other for many years. However, it was inevitable that the colonies would break away from Britain eventually. It must have been very difficult to rule one country from thousands of miles away, and the colonists would have realized that and rebelled.
Anklam:I totally agree with you with the connection with Sub Saharian Africa and AP Human. I am always so thankful that I have a clean place to live and I have lots of clothes to waer.
Jennifer Slogar
ReplyDeleteVisualizing: Throughout the entire “Siege” I found myself visualizing all of the events, most vividly the soldiers’ conditions and sicknesses, which helped me truly understand what it was like to be in that time period and to understand what everyone was going through. Visualizing also helped me keep all of the characters straight, especially the numerous American generals, because of how much detail McCullough used in describing each individual person.
Connections: When the Revolution began, America, which had seemed like one united country under the Crown, had split concretely into two separate congregations of Loyalists or Revolutionaries. Both groups, though living under the same rule and on the same land, shared a mutual disgust with one another, stubbornly set in their ways. I connected this with how very strong liberals and very strong tea-partiers feel about each other. Though they are both living under one constitution and live in one united country, like the Loyalists and the Revolutionaries, they both have a mutual dislike for one another.
Change and Continuity: When Part 1 of 1776 ends, the major changes include Boston being abandoned completely, The British Army and their Loyalists had been defeated disgracefully and were now headed for Halifax, and the Revolutionary army was heading, now, to New York. The Constant thing that has remained the same when the siege ends is that the Revolutionary and all other supporting Americans are still looking to break free of British rule and become a nation under their own constitution.
Through Their Eyes: One thing that is evident in McCullough’s writing is the different and numerous viewpoints from which he tells the story. In the beginning of The Siege, when McCullough tells of the debates that went on in English Parliament, I think that many of the members of Parliament viewed the so called “Rebels” as ungrateful and savage to want to rebel against England after all they had done to support them. Meanwhile, when McCullough tells of the heroism and braveness that the American people saw in the Revolutionary soldiers, I knew that the average American citizen thought that rebelling against England was a very important and vital cause to creating a better country.
Commenting on Lauren’s Cause and Effect: You make a very good point in that Howe’s decision to stay during the winter contributed to their horrible defeat against the Americans; in fact, it may have wholly caused their defeat. I also believe that the extreme weather changes during both the preparation and the execution of the Dorchester Heights plan was another major contributor in American’s victory.
Ashley Kroll
ReplyDeleteGeneralization: Many times throughout part 1, McCullough describes the lack of organization throughout the American Continental Army. For one, in the beginning they didn't have specific uniforms. Unlike the British Army all in red, the Continental Army struggled to even identify their officers. Washington was the only one who looked tidy, much nobler than the soldiers who were very dirty from digging trenches and hauling rocks. Their uncleanliness led to many diseases that plagued troops and spread easily, killing many. The Continental Army also lacked experience and skill. Most of the men had no military background. I can only imagine how overwhelming and chaotic it must have been.
Visualization: On page 8, a paragraph describes the people that came off the ship at Boston who had been involved in the Battle at Bunker Hill. I was able to vividly see how sickness, death, and hardships could really take a toll on their physical aspects. One published account stated there were “…some without legs, and others without arms; and their clothes hanging on them like a loose morning gown.” This also leads me to believe their live in general, including mental aspects, have been revolutionized and probably not for the better.
Cause and Effect: In Boston, a harsh winter seemed to impair the British Army with low stamina and deteriorate at their physical nurture. On the other hand, the American soldiers were more used to the winters and had a better understanding at how to deal with them. Washington used their knowledge to their advantage in order to plan an attack on the British and capture the area. Their extensive planning came at the expense of the British who were forced to surrender and leave. The effect from this capture caused the British’s emotional levels to drop more and have a more negative look at the war.
Change and Continuity: From the beginning, the Continental Army has tried making changes along the way to progress to more orderly ways. One part talked about Washington enforcing more laws with stricter consequences to those who didn’t obey because obedience and order were a huge downfall from the beginning. They continue to change their ways in hope of better ideals. Also, it seems more citizens are turning to the rebel army for they are sick of the high taxes. This change is causing more rebel troops to be sent out for protection of the colonies.
Jenny: I definitely agree with your thoughts on “Through Their Eyes”. McCullough does an excellent job getting into person he is trying to portray. He successfully gets across their point of views. When he comes from the British side, he negatively views the Americans rebel from their mother country. However, he also stands beside the American’s in fighting for what they believe. He seemed nonbiased which helped make it realistic and interesting as to how each side felt.
Katelin Zebro
ReplyDeletePreview/Predict: Before reading I tried to predict what this novel would be about. The title does not give very much information, so I had to go to the titles of the chapters. Part one is called “The Siege”, this gives me enough information to understand that this will be about the act or process of the British surrounding or attacking the American colonies. Under part one there are three chapters; Sovereign Duty, Rabble in Arms, and Dorchester Heights. I didn’t know what the word sovereign meant, or what the word Rabble meant so I had to look them up. I found that sovereign means a king, queen, monarch, or other supreme ruler. So my prediction for chapter one was that it would be about the king’s thoughts and how he saw the American colonies during this time. When I looked up rabble I found that it means a disorderly crowd or mob. That pretty much describes the American army at the time. And I predicted that Dorchester Heights would be about well Dorchester Heights.
Visualize: During my reading of part one I could visualize a lot of things, the red coats of the British army, the disorganization of the Americans. I also caught myself visualizing what people looked like because the author did a very good job describing them as shown on pages 5 and 6 when he describes the King. “…had been twenty-two, in 1760, he succeeded to the throne, and to a remarkable degree he remained a man of simple tastes and few pretensions.” (pg 5 and 6)
Cause and Effect: Washington’s plan to occupy Boston during the winter was the cause of many soldiers deaths and illnesses. But this also turned out to be a good thing because it was not just his soldiers but the Brits as well. This in effect let Washington gain control of the area.
Ashley: I totaly visualized many of the things you did. The part where the author describes the people getting of the ship was a little hard to read for me because I could see people in those conditions and it really makes you understand the conditions and makes you thankful for what you have now due to their sacrafices.
Ian T. Hill
ReplyDeleteConnection: While reading the part of 1776 that described George Washington's army in relation to the British I drew many connections to the movie Big Green. The Big Green, a rag-tag soccer team, goes up against a higher level, more organized soccer team. George Washington and his army are also the underdogs when fighting the British. The British and the higher level soccer team both have uniforms and are well organized while George Washington's army and the Big Green have no uniforms and exemplify chaos. In both cases the under dogs pull through by conquering the British at the Boston Massacre and winning the soccer game.
Questions: Why was New York the "Key to the country"? Why was the whole war centered specifically around Boston, why did the British not try attacking anywhere else less fortified? What happened to those that were living in Boston at the time? Why didn't Washington immediately open fire on the British after taking over Dorchester?
Turning Points: The most obvious turning point in "the Siege" was when The Dorchester Heights were taken by the Continental army. This lead to the banishment of all loyalists in Boston. Another huge turnaround was when the Ticonderoga guns arrived. At the beginning Washington's continental army was way outgunned but when the huge cannons were rolled and sledded to Boston the British were caught on the defensive.
Change and Continuity: The Continental Army has proved itself and the British army embarrassed. This will prove to be harder on Washington's Army because they will not be underestimated again. Now that the British have been banished a new war front will likely form. The only continuous factor is the perseverance of the British, they will not give up and go home.
Thoughtful Comment KATELIN ZEBRO: I also thought about the cause and effect of the Continental army fighting through the winter. I thought of George Washington's decision as more of a negative and a failure on his part. If the Continental army did not stay through the winter and went home to their families then morale would be higher and the army would be healthier. The only negative to this is that some may not come back and the British could attack.
Herolind Jusufi
ReplyDeleteReading Thoughts:
Preview/Predict
The title of the beginning chapter of 1776 by David McCullough was "Sovereign Duty". My first thoughts on this were about a higher authority such as the King of England, and the role he must play in order to bring America back under his reign of power. On the other hand it maybe meant on General Washington's duty, even though he isn't a king, to build up an army to defend the colonies.
Connections
The revolution that happened in America reminded me so much of the revolution in Macedonia of the '90s. When Yugoslavia was deteriorating and war broke out, it seemed that Macedonia had no chance whatsoever to win. Just as the Americans were disorganized and didn't have a trained militia, so was the same with Macedonia. However, one factor that the oppositions didn't think about was the pride people have and how they would fight to their last breath for their country, which was also true in the colonies as well.
Thinking Like a Historian:
Cause and Effect
It wasn't the smartest idea of Washington's to wait out the winter in Boston because the frost would eventually cause illness and death among his troops and many might have disliked him at that moment in time. The contradictory to this, however, was that British troops also suffered heavy losses which in turn led him to take control of the land.
Through Their Eyes
People back in the 1700's must have been scared all the time because they never knew what was happening. Unlike today, they didn't have any social networking like FaceBook or Twitter. Their only means of information was by horseback, which took days or even weeks to receive information about a victory or defeat of a battle. Today whenever something occurs the internet lets us know by a minute to minute basis. This is also probably why wars took so much longer to win back then.
@Jake Coenen
I absolutely agree with you that this book was hard to get into at the beginning. Every single year since the 4th grade my teachers have taught me about the American Revolution and how great it was. When I found out that we had to read a book over the summer I almost flipped out. However, after reading the first two chapters, the book became a little more interesting and I was able to read little by little each day.
Danielle Obermeier
ReplyDeleteVisualize...As I was reading the book, I found it very easy to visualize certain scenes. One of the first ones that stood out in my mind is when King George III rode his golden chariot to address the parliment. It was very easy since McCullough's descrpting was long and intriguing. It was almost like I was watching a movie in my brain.
Questions...Why did the British chose Ny?
Turning Points..I thought that Dorchester was a big turning point because all in all it forced the British to leave Boston.
Perspectives..Not only is their different perspectives of against sides but also different perspectives from 1776 to 2011. One perspective that changed through the Americans is the issue of slavery. The well-known George Washington was a slave owner himself and during that time frame, slavery was accepted. Now a days our society has come to an overall statement that it is not okay. And perhaps that if I was in that time frame, my family would have own slaves, but that was 200 years ago.
Lindi- I found it intriguing that you could connect the history of Macedonia to this story. I love your two contradicting statements about the cause and effect. I was more focused on the Americans losing people and starting illnesses, but the British lost people as well. ALSO, I agree that it was hard to get into this book at first, but once you got going, it wasn't so bad.
Jonathan Butler
ReplyDeleteQuestions: What was King George's reaction to the battle at Dorchester Heights? How many troops died from disease/famine on both sides? Why didn't the Americans fire on the British ships from Dorchester? How did the British take control of Boston?
Preview/Predict: While reading the first part of this book, I kept thinking that there would be a huge conflict or battle between the troops. There was a lot of tension due to the fact that both sides were at a stalemate for almost a year and each was waiting for the other to make the first move. I know that when the Americans took Dorchester it was a pretty big deal, but I thought they would actually fight each other.
Turning Points: The first turning point was when the troops as well as Washington himself realized that they were low on supplies and the stalemate would likely last through winter. This took a toll on the morale of the troops and consequently negatively affected the whole plan. Another turning point is the retrieval of the guns from Ticonderoga. Henry Knox surprised everyone when he pulled through despite the fact that he was a rookie and it seemed like the elements were against him. Finally the last, and most obvious, turning point was the capture of Dorchester heights. It gave the Americans the upper hand against the British and even avoided a conflict because the British knew that it would mean death to try and take it.
Differing Perspectives: There are two main perspectives. The American soldiers and British soldiers. We get the thoughts of the major players in the war throughout the Part, but not much from the leaders of the respective sides, Such as King George and the Parliament. While there were thoughts at the beginning of the chapter, there isn't much later. This also goes for Congress. Obviously, I was rooting for America during the book, but I don't remember too well the details of how the war started, so I can't say which one I agree with.
Ian: I don't agree that Washington's decision to stay the winter was a failure. There wasn't really a choice. If he had taken it easy, there would be a lack of troops and the British would have taken advantage of the opportunity and attacked, because they were always getting information from deserters. There was only one "right" decision, and it had consequences.
Andy Mahler.
ReplyDeletePreview/Predict- The book's title gives no insight of what is going to happen inside the novel, so i dug deeper into looking at the chapters and sections. I thought the chapter, Sovereign Duty, was going to be about the main ideas and duties of the leaders on both sides. The next chapter, Rabble in Arms, i had thought it was going to be more about the American rebbles preparing for the battle and trying to get an edge on the british. and the last chapter, Dorchester heights was probably gonna be about dorchester heights. i had no prior knowledge of Dorchester Heights.
Visualize- while reading the book, the most vivid images i could create were those of the scurying rebbles. i could really see how they were unlike any other army with there disorganization of uniform. while on the opposing side, the british were all matching in their red suits. the differences of the two sides is an image that can be very precisely drawn in ones mind.
Comment- Ian Hill. Many people who read books that go back in history often try to relate with current events, or things that actually happen. many people forget to be creative when alluding to things in the novel. it brings new ideas to comprehending what you are reading and may help with understanding the text.
--Austin Stolze—
ReplyDeleteVisualize: David McCullough’s vivid descriptions made it very easy to create “mental pictures”, particularly when he described the Rebel Army. I could see clearly imagine this group of unruly, ragtag men. They had no official uniforms (and many men were poorly and inadequately clothed), hardly ever washed themselves or their clothes, and slept in hastily constructed shacks made of any material they could find. They probably looked more like a conglomeration of homeless people than an army fighting for the fate of a nation.
Evaluation: I was very surprised to learn how horribly ill prepared and equipped the Rebel Army was. I didn’t know most of the American generals and soldiers had never been in a war. The majority of the army knew nothing or next to nothing about military strategies and life. I also didn’t know that George Washington considered himself ill prepared and unfit for his position. All this new knowledge is contradictory of what I had believed in the past.
Turning Points: Without a doubt, I think the Rebel Army’s capture of Dorchester Heights was the most significant turning point in this section. This victory for the Rebels gave their cause much more hope and allowed for more people to start supporting them. It was a huge morale booster and gave them confidence that they could go toe to toe with the best army in the world at that time and win. Without this Rebel victory, the war would have probably had a much different result, or at the very least series of events.
Change and Continuity: The battle of Dorchester Heights brought about much change. Before this point in time, the British had been severely underestimating what the Rebels were capable of. This had allowed for the Rebels the element of surprise because the British never expected them to strike (and with as much effectiveness as they had). After Dorchester Heights though, the Rebels were seen in a different light by the British and would not be able to use the British underestimation of their abilities to their advantage. The battle of Dorchester Heights also created a change in the scene of the battle because it caused the British to retreat.
Comment: Several people have questioned why the British and the Rebels would choose to move the fighting to New York. From what I understood, the British probably wanted to go there because it was a port city with many rivers nearby allowing them to better use their superior navy to their advantage. Also, there was a significant Loyalist/Tory majority in the city which was also to their advantage. Knowing this, the Rebels also moved their troops to NY because they figured that was where the British were going to go. They wanted to be there to try to keep the British out of NY which was seen as “the key to the whole continent”.
Stephanie Schuessler
ReplyDeletePreview and Predict: Based on the title of this first section, The Seige, I thought that the first chapter would talk mainly about military strategy, because after looking up what a seige was, I knew it to be a military blockade of a city which is normally very strong. And the first part was alot about strategy that the "rebels" were aetting up in order to gain Boston as their own.
Visualize: McCullough did a very good job of describing the poor conditions that the rebel army was in. I could clearly picture their poor hygiene, ragged clothing, and the "infectious filth" that spread through the camp killing so many and causing the armies numbers to dwindle to a dangerous low.
Turning Point: One of the major turning points in this first section was the colonists taking over Dorchester Heights. It gave the rebels confidence and new bursts of energy and patriotism, which was much needed for the already hindered army.
Cause and Effect: The harsh winter in Boston seemed to really restrict the British because they were very unused to that type of climate. and though the winter was also harsh on the rebels, it was worse for the British, just because they were very unprepared for it. Because the British were weak from the winter, they were forced to surrender when washington attacked.
Lauren, I really liked the connection that you made from Human Geo last year. I completely agree that the spread of disease in the rebel army seems much like that of what is happening in Sub-Sahara Africa, with the uncleanliness and fast spreading sicknesses killing many people.
Bridget Daniels
ReplyDeleteVisualize: Like most, I found the imagery in this section of the book to be most stunning. Just the juxtaposition of "His Majesty's Army" and, quite plainly, the "rebels", gives a sense of severe clash between the two armies. I have to say that the rebels come off as a bit pathetic and unintimidating in the beginning. With their mismatched uniforms, very old or very young soldiers, and overall unkept way of life and appearance, they seem to be no match for the King's Army. Some rebel soldiers were even bewildered at the filth within their own camps. On the other hand, the British were clean cut, uniformed, orderly, and quite a shocking comparison to the rebels. Although the looks and life styles of the two armies were opposing, I felt the moods were somewhat similar. The Continental Soldiers were lazy and tired of waiting for battle. The British were not so enthusiastic themselves, as America was not their home territory, and being so nonchalant as to the rebel's whereabouts and what they were to do next.
Evaluation: I found it very interesting to learn more about George Washington and what he was like, and more so, what he was thinking during this time period. He was definitely the charismatic, intelligent, and gallant leader that we all think of him as. I think he embodies what the rebels and colonists were feeling at that time, and what the founding fathers built this country on. It's the liberty, justice, rebelliousness, and raw underdog power, which I think is the American spirit.
Turning Points: I'm sure we can all agree that the main turning point in this section is the capture of Dorchester Heights by the rebel forces. It was a stealthy move by the Continental Army, and it had shook the British up. At this point, I believe that the British Army had decided that they were to abandon Boston and sail to NY with the loyalists. The sudden approach of the Continental Army really turned the tables on the British, and this gave a boost of confidence to the rebels.
Change and Continuity: Adding to what I said in the previous section, Dorchester Heights is what really secured the Continental Army's confidence and vigor. But it completely appalled the British, having been scared out of Boston by the mere "rebels" they thought they could simply extinguish. It seems the sad looking crew of rebels from the beginning of the conflict have grown into a strong, fierce army with just the Dorchester Heights victory. Although they are going strong now, the British have realized their enemy's strength, and will probably come back with a vengeance.
Austin Stolze, I agree with your point on Washington. He was not incredibly experienced, and was quite insecure about his army at times. During a particularly rough time, when they were running out of ammunition and arms, he felt that he should have refused the position as commander-in-chief and just joined the ranks. Where would we be, if he had done the latter? Overall, I enjoyed learning about this side of Washington. It made him seem more human.
Bryce Mathson
ReplyDeletePreview/ Predict- From the title of the book, 1776, I immediately thought that this book would be about the 13 colonies and how they were able to separate from England. What I was not expecting was the detail given about both sides of the story. Much of the information in the first section that I had no previous knowledge of was about England’s efforts to keep these colonies. I found it very interesting to learn of all that was being done on the other side both militarily and politically.
Turning points-The siege in Boston was very helpful to the rebel army not because they killed and captured a lot of enemy soldiers but because their lack of gunpowder and other supplies was not exposed through fighting. Had there been too much fighting in the first year of the war our independence may have never been gained because of the difference in supplies of weapons and gunpowder between the two armies. The turning point I saw in the first section was that the rebel army was given so much time to build up its supplies.
Question- Why would the British choose to stay in Boston in a siege when they had a better trained, larger army and a very powerful navy with enough ships to transport them anywhere? Wouldn’t it have been easier to move out of Boston and on to New York or somewhere else right away? It seems that their time in Boston did nothing to help them win the war.
Austin Stolze- I agree with your comment about New York. It seemed to me that it was a far more important city than Boston. The position of the city gave the ability to cut the colonies in half, splitting up New England from the rest. Also, it seems obvious that it was a good choice considering the importance of NYC to our country today.
KaoZee Xiong
ReplyDeleteCause & effect: George Washington's "wealth and way of life, like his physique and horsemanship"(pg. 48) were important factors to his role in being commander to the American Army. Although the man had retired from military life for 15 years and had never led an army before, he must've had over enough qualifications to be fully trusted by Congress in leading "an undisciplined, poorly armed volunteer force of farmers and tradesmen (pg. 50)." With this respect and trust the Americans had for the general, the decision to attack Dorchester Heights and their successful win against the British was possible.
Preview & Predict: The name of the first chapter, "Sovereign Duty", I predicted was going to be about who had what positions and what duties they had to carry. The chapter, in fact, compared and contrasted the people from both sides and was detailed in what kind of personalities each one had.
Visualize: David McCullough does a good job of describing the many leaders in this book. For instance he describes Washington as "his hair reddish brown, his eyes gray blue, and the bridge of his prominent nose unusually wide(pg. 42)." These kind of details give readers a sense of how each important character looked like.
Turning Point: I think that the win at Dorchester Heights was a big turning point. The American army was anxious to have a win after they were defeated at Bunker Hill. Although George Washington knew his army had less in supplies, and most of them were inexperienced, he never gave up and made the decision to push the British out of Boston. This win gave them hope and seemed to have inspired them.
Comment: Bridget Daniels, I agree with you it was very interesting learning about George Washington, his ways of thinking, and the decisions he makes. After reading part one of this book, I could really understand why he was so highly viewed
Michael Grant Forss
ReplyDeleteTurning Point: "Dorchester Heights could decide the whole outcome at Boston..." (p70) After being equipped from Henry Knox's return from New York, the American soldiers needed the confidence of a victory. And they certainly got one. After taking Dorchester, the continental army was newly inspired to continue on with the war.
Using the Past: I love how this book shows the psychology of individual people and of the entire army. What I think the past teaches us here, is that fighting for a cause that you believe in can surmount most obstacles. That, along with individuals who have the needed skills to lead create a great army. Though the rebels had few munitions, they were able to make everything out of what they had. I believe we can learn that leadership and the will to fight are important lessons we can take from these events.
Question: How exactly was it that so many inexperienced leaders such as Knox, or Green were so good at what they did? They were competing with British leaders that had been commanding for years and yet these men managed to essentially inspire an army to victory. It's something that seems just like dumb luck, but there must be something behind it.
Connections: I think everyone knows a George Washington. In the book he's essentially described as a great, great man. Washington was handsome, intelligent, strongly willed, and had a great work ethic. I feel that everyone knows someone that seems to just be "perfect" and rather inspiring. Of course, everyone has their flaw, as did Washington, but it's just interesting to see how well thought Washington was.
Comment: KaoZee, I definitely think that McCullough did a great job of visualizing the leaders. I got a good sense of what they were like and how they looked. I also think he did a good job of describing the general feel of both the colonies and the British during different wins and losses for either side in the war.
Alexis Bryan
ReplyDeleteReading thoughts: While I was reading part 1, I visualized the differences between the British army and the New England army. The main difference the caught my attention was the disorganization and lack of discipline amongst the New England army. The author put alot of emphasis on how much the British army looked down upon the Americans and how even Washington himself was displeased with the lack of organization/discipline within his own people.
This interested me so because during a war, one would think that, in this case, the Americans, including Washington, would be proud of his army no matter the circumstances. Patriotism was a main component for recruiting. Patriotism, the definition, is having pride in ones country. Well, ones country is its people. So when Washington stated that he, himself, was displeased by the lack of organization and discipline shown throughout his army he seemed to be coming off as a walking contridiction because patriotism is what brought these people here and if you are proud of your country, you are also proud of your people. Being displeased with someone, or a group of people, usually means one is not proud of that person/group of people because they are, in fact, displeased with them. Washington then, by stating his displeasure with his own army, showed an unstable relationship between himself and his patriotism for his country and people. In simplier words, he showed the reader a weakness of his and that weakness was his own army.
Alexis Bryan
ReplyDeleteResponse to Andy Mauler: I relate easily to how you had no prior knowledge of this topic for when I first read the title "1776" I instantly thought of the musical that premiered at the Grand in 2009. Althought the musical and novel share the same title, they are completely different. I was expecting something along the lines of John Adams and Benjamin Franklin talking about the Declaration of Independce for that was what the musical was about. I never expected it to be about George Washington, even though, thats what all the summer reading books are about.
Zachary Finnegan-
ReplyDeletePreview/Predict
Before I began reading, I thought about what this book could be about. “The Siege” provides limited information that is hard to build off. The only information that I could get out of it is that it will be about the process of the British attacking the American Colonies. This topic is very broad, so the author decided to split it into three different sections. These would be named Sovereign Duty, Rabble in Arms, and Dorchester Heights. When I hear the word, sovereign, I jump to the conclusion of some sort of royalty or king. I believe the “Sovereign Duty” chapter will be about the British and how they are going to handle the rebelling, American Colonies. Right when I read the title, “Rabble in Arms,” I immediately thought the American Army. I did this because the British were a distinguished country in Europe so it could not have been them, and the American Colonies are not distinguished by any stretch of the imagination, therefore, Rabble in Arms would be a suitable name for a rebelling country. And Lastly, “Dorchester Heights.” After thinking about the first two chapter's titles and content, I thought Dorchester Heights must be where the two armies meet for the first time.
Visualize
While reading section 1, I distinctly noticed the amount of time put into the detailed passages describing many different occurrences during the siege. The passage that sticks in my mind is the Continental Army did not have matching uniforms on the battlefield. They were in ragged clothing. Some of them did not even wash their clothing. These men didn't look like an army at all. The generals were “marked” just so they could be recognized by colleagues. But on the other side, the British Army had all matching, bright, red uniforms that could be distinctly observed from miles away. I visualize in my mind what these two forces looked like facing off in the battlefield. I sort of envision a David and Goliath type of war.
Changes and Continuity
The battle of Dorchester Heights really changed the way both sides looked at the war. Before this point, the British thought it would bulldoze its way through the American Colonies. They came in to confident and paid the price. This gave renewed hope to the Rebels and provided motivation from then on. Because of the confidence of the British, the Rebels caught them off guard using the element of surprise. This made the British retreat. But from then on, the British did not underestimate the capabilities of the Americans and it would be a much more level playing field when alert and ready.
Cause and Effect
The harsh winters in Boston extremely hindered both the British and the Rebels. The British were not used to the tough climate of the American Colonies. The winter was tough on the Rebels but not nearly as bad as the British. The British were extremely unprepared. And they did not have the advantage of being on their own turf, so supplies were tough to come by, which, in the end, was a factor in waving he white flag.
Comment to Alexis Bryan
I was extremely impressed of how in depth your research was about Washington and his contradiction of patriotism. I did not even think of that from that perspective and understand the topic even that much more, thanks to your insight. I believe seeing it from Washington's perspective is key in understanding some of the decisions made during this war and why he did, what he did, and when he did.
Clara Kennedy
ReplyDeletePreview and Predict
Before I started reading the first section I predicted what it would be about when I actually started reading it. My conclusion was that this will be about the British attacking the American Colonies and strategizing on how they were going to do that. Then the more I previewed the section I noticed that it was split into three parts, Sovereign Duty, Rabble in Arms, and Dorchester Heights. When I read Sovereign Heights I thought of the British and the government strategizing on how to sway the colonies. The second part of this section was Rabble in Arms which made me think of the New England army and their "getting ready" for the British's attack. Finally the third part of this section is Dorchester Heights which made me assume that this is when they meet up and fight against each other.
Visualize
While reading this I couldn't help but imagine just how different the two armies were. The New England army being very disorganized and Washington being almost ashamed of his own army. The British army made me visualize the sharp way they looked and how organized and pristine they looked which made the American army looked like the underdogs and quickly being named that.
Turning Point
I think that the victory for New England at Dorchester Heights was a big turning point because at Bunker Hill the British greatly underestimated them after winning that battle. This battle, however, showed them that not only were the americans strong fighters, but most definitely not the underdogs.
Cause and Effect
I think that the time the British spent in Bosten was a big mistake on their part. They clearly were not equipped to handle the harsh and unforgiving winter which caused them to have to surrender the Washington. This mistake hindered their ability to have an effective comeback resulting in a loss.
Comment to Zachary Finnegan
I was impressed by the way you analyzed the way the two armies were different in Change and Continuity. When you said that the New England army used the element of surprise to hinder and cause the British army to surrender helped me better understand the "personalities" of the two armies.
Cailtin Bradfish,
ReplyDeletePreview/Predict- Before I even started to read section 1 the seige I knew immediately knew that this part of the book was going to be the base by giving us more information about the history of our county and the rebellious path we decided to take.
Importance- While reading the seige I realized that one main idea was the King of Great Britain. His influence on his own country and on what we now call the United States of America was large and unforgettable.
Reading like a historian- The effect of George Washington's leadership was the start of our government and freedom. His leadership also shows us how his leadership has affected the way we live today and how it could have been different if we never earned our freedom.
Stephanie I agree with your cause and effect statement. If the British army was used to the harsh winter conditons the outcome could have been dramatically changed. Therfore, potentially changing how we live today.
Lucas Gajewski
ReplyDeleteReading Thoughts
Preview/Predict:
The title of the first chapter, "Sovereign Duty," sparked a discussion inside my head. I could predict that there would be an event or action that could lead a figure of authority (such as King George III) to the decision of keeping America under his own reign. Then again, it could be alluding to the fact that another figure of authority (such as General George Washington) had to acquire the staff, resources, and men to create an army that would defend what was theirs and what they believed in. Ultimately, I think that the title was meant for readers' interpretation.
Reading Like an Historian
Cause and Effect:
The Battle at Boston was caused by the duteous thoughts and plans made by George Washington. Although General Howe was given orders to leave before winter came upon them, the British remained there and winter took its inevitable toll on the soldiers. With the British struggling with supplies, Washington’s attempt to gain control of that area became real. Boston effectively ceased to be a military target. It continued to be a focal point for revolutionary activities, with its port acting as an important point for fitting ships of war and privateers. Its leading citizens would have important roles in the development of the future United States.
Turning Point:
While there are several different turning points for different achievements in this book, for this section, the victory at Dorchester Heights was a major turning point. Since the British had won the Battle at Bunker Hill, it was unprecedented that America would rise to the occasion and unexpectedly win at Dorchester Heights. Not only did it boost the soldiers' morale, but this showed that America's army was to no longer be taken lightly.
Comment to a Colleague, Caitlin Bradfish:
I agree with you on many levels. Men are those who make history and not the other way around. In periods of time where there is no leadership, society can only stand still. Progress occurs when courageous, skillful leaders seize the opportunity to change things for the better. As we look ahead into the future, leaders will be those who empower others.
Benjamin Gorichs
ReplyDeletePreview And Predict: Based on the title The Siege, I predicted that this chapter would be about military tactics. I also thought that the intensity of action would be relatively low due to the fact that it's a siege and not a fierce battle.
Visualize: I pictured the British army as well-organized and trained with tidy well-kept uniforms and top-of-the-line weapons. Washingtons army, on the other hand, I pictured as sporting tattered rags, being very unorganized, and composed of people who had never before fought a war.
Turning Point: One of the major turning points in The Siege is when the colonists take over Dorchester Heights. This move shook up the British and gave the colonists new hope, a new sense of patriotism, and the will to fight even harder. It was a much needed boost of confidence for the ragged army.
Cause And Effect: The success of Washington's army at Boston caused the British to head for Malifax rather than New York which is where Washington had believed that General Howe had intended to go.
Comment: Grant, I also wondered as to how so many young and inexperienced leaders were so successful against the world renowned Generals of the time. It definately seemed like luck was on their side. For example, the night before the colonists took over Dorchester Hieghts, the conditions that the weather provided were ideal for their work. Reverend William Gordon even wrote, "A finer [night] could not have been taken out of the whole 356".
Jared Gjertson
ReplyDeleteVisualize:
In the beginning of chapter 2 McCullough explains the early life of Nathanael Greene. He explained that his father did not believe that education was need and thus he had to educate himself. It also explained that he had to work at the farm, mill, and forge before he had any spare time. I visualized him staying up late reading by candle or fire light in the late night in order to educate himself
Evaluation:
When thinking about the storm that followed after the rebels had taken over the Dorchester heights it’s hard not to think what would have happened if the storm didn’t occur and the British attacked like planed? Would George Washington’s view be correct in that the rebels would be able to slaughter the British by rolling the barrels down the hill? Or would it have turned out the other way causing the rebels to lose and most likely lose the war after one battle?
Change and Continuity:
After the overtaking of the Dorchester Heights the Rebels have taken over Boston and found new enthusiasm and energy to fight on. Their skill and experience has really stayed the same but their confidence is sky high after sending the British away. This really was an advantage to the Rebels it gave the army and the colonies confidence they could win the war, this then resulted in more enlistments.
Cause and effect:
There are multiple causes and effects when thinking about the Dorchester heights and the British leaving Boston. With the Rebels taking control of the Dorchester Heights the British have no choice but to move on to another city. With the British moving on the Rebels must also move onto what was believed to be the British’s target, New York.
Comment: Ben, I totally agree with you in the sense that the rebels taking over the Dorchester heights was a huge turning point but not only did the Rebels receive a much needed moral boost but the war also shifted to the New York area which is a turning point in itself
Thomas Siegharter
ReplyDeleteThe big idea of the first section I grasped was that even though the Americans were heavily out-supplied and outnumbered they seemed like they more organized than just a "rabble in arms". I truely thought this was shown through the attack on Boston through the use of Dorchester Heights. Realizing that the Americans didn't have very much experience in war they seemed to effectively attack the Goliath of the British.
There are many connections from these early attacks and the rest of the war. First of all the Americans were almost always without enough supplies. Referring to the text General Washington kept many bushels of limes to keep the rebelious soldiers from getting the disease, scurvy. Where as the British were well equiped with clothing, food, powder, and weapons. Second the Americans were heavily outnumbered throughout much the war. Many of the battles were fought with the element of suprise or gorilla tactics. The only battle I can recall that the Americans didn't use one of those tactics was at the Battle of Bunker Hill.
As I read through the text I really envisioned the British very organized, well trained, and with much confidence. The ranks clearly presentable; every man in the army knew where he ranked. As Ienvision more I notice German mercenaries called Hessians, paid well as they fight against the rabbling rebels. Through the days I see many officers attend local skits and breweries drinking and laughing as they enjoy themselves the best they can. Turning it over to the rebels the first thing I notice is the tattered clothes on their backs. In the cold weather I see that few men wore shoes of some kind. Most of the men wore moccasins or leather boots with many holes in them. As I look further in the regiments only one figure truely stands out at 6' 4'' weighing at around 190 pounds. That figure of course is George Washington. He was a giant compared to the rest of the regiment. Walking as if he were in a parade at all times. Looking after his soldiers and preparing them for what came next in their fight to achieve victory over the British tyrants.
When reading through the letters and documents at the time the generals and other powerful individuals wrote, I realized the importance of the war to the Americans and the British. In many documents the rebels had,it was clear that they were fighting for freedom. They described the British parliament and king as tyrants and destroyers of freedom. Once the war was full go many of the letters that I read were about deaths,strategic moves, or about patriotic people. For example Abigail Adams wrote a letter to John Adams about one of there dearest friends Dr. Warren. She went on stating, "He has distinguished himself in every engagement, by his courage and fortitude, by animating the Soldiers and leading them on by his own example..." (Sunday June 18 1775)
The importance of the war was also very great with the British. King George III gave a speech on October 27, 1775 stating that the colonies had "subordinate relation to Great Britain." The king went on commenting on those who remained loyal to Britain, "And although many of these unhappy people may still retain their loyalty, and too wise not to fee the fatal consequence of this usurpation..." The British realized there were people still loyal to the British and that they didn't want to suffer a fate of death. Moreover the king went on asking for support from the Parliament. Although he didn't really go into the economics of this subject which is more or less the reason they fought to keep New England. Overall these documents helped my understanding greatly and it gave a sense of how the war was important for both sides.
I would like to comment on Lucas's comment by first saying that I really enjoyed reading how you immediately predicted how the first chapter was going to turn out. And I completely agree on the statement of Dorchester Heights being the biggest turning point.
Brandon Dively
ReplyDeleteBen Gorichs, my entire entry basically is going to tie in with yours. I couldn't agree more. The chapter title,"The Seige" instantly made me think of military tactics. I wasn't sure exactly what was going to occur due to a lack of complete knowledge of the order of events in the Revolution, but I figured it would involve the seizure of land, a fort/building of importance, or maybe even a town/village.
Like many others, I pictured the armies as total opposites. On one side you had the British in their matching red coats as a unit and on the other, you had a rough, malitia-like group of individuals with little organization.
I also, must say that the colonists gaining Dorchester Heights was a huge swing in momentum. For a makeshift group of individuals, that was definitely a shock to the British. I feel as though the colonists were completely overlooked by the British due to a lack of military experience. This came back to bite the British a variety of times including Washington's victory in Boston.
I realize the affects of Washington's victory at Boston when it came to shaking up the British. This was a total curveball and it made the British re-think their plans at the time.
Did anyone else find it odd that King George III had never fought in a war, yet he had such a strong army? But what is more odd, like Ben said, is that his army was defeated by such inexperienced Generals.
Alyssa Scott
ReplyDeleteQuestion/Connection
Right from the start I couldn’t help but to question the importance of events that took place 1776 and if they were indeed a vital event that affected us and our country today. Henry Knox’s voyage would be from the department of Fort Ticonderoga on December 9th to his time of arrival, January 18th was definitely a significant event. He traveled from Fort Ticonderoga, a fort built by the French then captured by the British then later was used and taken by the Americans, to Framingham. The whole point of the expedition was to acquire guns to help defeat the British and that’s exactly what he did. Knox, transporting a multiplicity of weapons such as mortars, 12 and 18 pound cannons and one 24lb cannon, overcame many predicaments and dilemmas that would almost surely discourage any other man. These dilemmas included blizzards, capsized boats, mountain wilderness, cannons that plummeted to the lake bed, and many days of heavy rowing into merciless headwinds. This all makes me curious as to how important every little detail in history has impacted us in some way today.
Turning Point
This story leads me to believe that it was a turning point. It not only supplied weapons and artillery to the Americans but it also was a great change in spirits. This is why I believe that the voyage of Henry Knox from Fort Ticonderoga was both a turning point and a chief factor in the success of the Continental Army. This helps the congress and Washington to have more confidence while attacking now that they know it’s possible.
Prediction
I can predict just how the British Parliament and the people of England are going to take the loss of Boston. I believe that now all of the people who were for the war are now going to be full of embarassment yet they will stand strong for what they believe. And I believe John Hancock when he says, “The humiliation the British had been subjected to… would make them (England) an even more formidable foe”.
After this section of reading I feel that not only the people of America, but the all the people of the world, learned a great deal of lessons and a vast amount of knowledge by having tons of confidence and then being taken down unexpectedly. The colonists figured out that if you stand strong for what you believe you will be able to achieve your goal. People learned that it helps to try to think of the other person’s point of view and not be close minded. If the British thought a little more about the colonists in America the war might not have happened at that time. On the flip side of intellectual lessons, there was a lot of knowledge shared and learned such as how to be a better leader and communicator, how to make guns and weapons more efficient, and without a doubt war strategies. All of these things were obtained from the events of “The Siege”.
Michaela Baumann,
ReplyDeleteWhen first opening the book, I looked at the title page as well as the back cover to read the summary. Because of the title and summary, also the picture on the cover, I knew that the book would be about the revolutionary war between the British and the Americans. Before I began reading section one, I read the title "The Siege" and wondered if the British would capture town or something that the Americans were previously controlling. After I looked at all the pictures for section one, I was thinking that David McCullough would be introducing the lead Generals of both the Americans and British because of the fact that many of the pictures were portraits of them. Also I questioned who Henry Knox is and what is his importance,after reading the caption of the diary entry. I don't understand the reason he took a journey to Ticonderoga during the bitter months. After reading I figured out that it was an important trip that he took in order to get more fire arms and cannons. I'm guessing this section will take place in Boston for some time, until the British evacuate as i predicted. I think before they left, British would leave Boston in very poor condition.
When reading "1776", I could relate that war for freedom from the British to the war currently being fought in the middle east. The soldiers having to be away from there familes is of course very similar, also how familes worry that their soldier wont be okay in the end and how they miss them. Even though the soldiers were able to communicate to their families back then, the technology we have today makes it way more convenient with many different options.
When the author sort of took us through the battle of Bunker Hill, i was able to make a small connection. I previously learned about this battle in previous history classes and therefore I was able to use my background knowledge so i knew more details and could imagine it much better.
Thinking about the past, we can make sense of the present. The revolutionary war was being fought for independence from the British, for the Americans. A way we can learn from the past is to learn from experience; like an example could be using previous strategies that worked while fighting a battle or worked to help solve multi-nation conflicts, that strategy could be useful in the future, even though the technology would be different as time goes on. Also, learning from bad decisions or mistakes made by the Congress or Generals could help us out.
I deffinatley agree with Katelins comment, like Ian had said also. At first I thought it was foolish that they had chose that time of year, until you fully think of the effects that the other side, The British would have to face, that the Americans were much more prepared for so it ended up being a big benefit.
Mark Jedras
ReplyDeleteVisualize:
Throughout the chapter the strongest image evoked in my mind was that of the American's fortification of the Dorchester Heights. I could vividly picture thousands of men under the cover of darkness chiseling away at the frozen ground in order to erect defenses, while across the town a spectacular firework of cannonade served as a distraction.
Importance:
The Siege can, of course, be ambiguously disputed as one of the most important battles in the war, there being many others of significance. However, in terms of the strategic strength of the British in the American Colonies, the loss of a base of operations in New England, put them at a slight disadvantage, as now they had to gain a foothold, from whence to conduct operations, perhaps as feared by the Americans at New York, for more political than strategic reasons.
Turning point:
In my opinion the turning point of the siege itself was the arrival of the guns from Fort Ticonderoga, which would allow bombardment of Boston, as well as giving better logic to the fortification of Dorchester Heights, from whence they could endlessly bombard Boston from a strategically superior position.
Differeing Perspectives:
Obviously the capture of Boston was seen as a major victory by the Americans, retaking an important city port, as well as robbing the British of a foothold. However, across the Atlantic in London, such a loss to them was seen as nothing, since they had ordered Boston to be abandoned since October anyhow. Obviously the British considered the town lost and therefore would be planning for an assault somewhere else.
Comment:
Brandon, I do agree that it is a bit odd that trained military minds were defeated by inexperienced ones. This in large part however, is due to the arrogance of the British commanders.
Nathan Motley
ReplyDeletePreview/Predict:
Judgin from the title of part 1, "The Siege" i predicted that the first section would dead with a siege early in the war. Then i proceeded to predict that chapter one would be about leadership such as the king and the main leaders of the american rebellion. I though then that chapter two would detail the american army and three would be the strategic use of Dorchester Hights.
Visualize:
The most detailed part in the section was that of chapter three. I visualized the struggle of setting up fortifications to attack Boston and the withdrawal of the British troops.
Turning Point:
The victory at Dorchester Heights was one of the greatest achievements for the continental army in section one. It boosted morale and gave the soldiers a sense of pride after idling around and losing the battle of Bunker Hill.
Differing Perspectives:
To the Americans the king is an evil figure who has put them down. To the British he is royalty and what he says people will agree with. As we see the Americans were ready for all out war while the British tried to avoid it.
Comment: Lucas
I agree that the battle at Dorchester was a major turning point. Not only did it boost morale it showed the rest of the world that they were a force to be reckoned with.
Zackry Wiese
ReplyDeletePredict, In section one I predict that they will focus on the main siege of a British held city. What exact city is to be found yet. I predict that the battles will have major impacts on either side and that battles will not be the only way of dying in the siege.
Visualization: Throughout section 1 I pictured complete opposites at a standoff. The siege to me was an arc of rag tag soldiers surrounding a core encampment of well trained, well equipped, and very formal soldiers with their backs up against an ocean. As the winter loomed I pictured the redcoats becoming very ill and looking more like the Continental army and the Continental army becoming barley an army at all. Before reading this book I had always thought that the Continental army had a rough start but had organized fairly well before starting campaign but the reenlistment rates make it seem as if there wasn’t an army at all but a small group of brave men going against an entire empire. Toward the end of this section I picture the odds for each side turning worse as winter approaches.
Through Their Eyes: Not all of the people in the colonies saw themselves as rebels. Many people thought of themselves as loyal to the crown. These people went inside the walls of Boston during the siege and many of them thought that seeking refuge there would be better than being next to rebel scum. This turned out to be a mistake of course because conditions were even worse in Boston than outside of Boston.
Turning points: A major and obvious turning point in the siege was when the cannons from Ticonderoga arrived and were encamped on Dorchester hill. I think that this showed how ingenious Washington and his men were and how well they could organize if absolutely needed. Another turning point would be when Bunker Hill was won. It gave that extra boost of confidence that the colonists needed to keep on with the war.
Question: Why was Washington able to organize his men so well for the Dorchester Hill campaign but not when he needed them to stay camped and be ready? It seemed as though they were rowdy and lazy until the time of battle was upon them.
Response to Mark I agree that in the perspective of the British Boston wasn’t a very large loss they can always find another port to control and maybe and even better control point in the war.
Rebecca Rieckhoff
ReplyDeleteReading Thoughts-
Importance (summarization)
Despite the fact that every level of British society were in some way influenced by bribery and favoritism, and despite the fact that there were several important British politicians opposed to sending armed forces to the colonies, King George remained popular, even as he declared rebellion in America in October of 1775.
Visualization-
As I read the section of the book that describes the British being kept in Boston by the continental army, I had a strong picture in my head of both sides. The colonists working hard to keep the British contained, as George Washington laid plans to fight at Dorchester Heights. The British quickly running out of supplies, and the feeling of devastation that must have gripped every single Boston resident as supply ships were unable to come. Partly due to weather, and partly due to the colonists' efforts to prevent them from delivering needed supplies to the British forces.
Reading Like a Historian-
Cause and Effect-
Cause- The majority of the continental army was made up of inexperienced soldiers. These were men who had never had to follow orders, or live in situations with resources quite as sparse as they were for the continental army. Most of these men viewed cleaning living quarters and washing clothes to be women's work, and consequently did not do them.
Effect- George Washington ended up with an army that was resistant to proper instruction, and therefore took up a lot of precious time to try to train, in any way. Since the men were living in such filth, diseases spread wildly through the camps, often even spreading to surrounding villages. These ailments were often referred to as "camp fever".
Turning Point- When copies of King George III's speech reached the colonists, it was met with outrage. Deeply angered soldiers burned the speech. people were offended by its charges of rebellion, and Washington and others solidified their wish to cut all ties with England. This marks a turning point in the fact that the speech demonstrated that England had no wish to let the matter end lightly, and if it came to war, they would fight. Hopes of peacefully resolving the conflict seemed to die with the
delivery of the king's speech.
In response to Mark's comment about the weapons arriving from Ticonderoga being the turning point of the siege, I agree that that is a formidable argument. I, however stick by the arrival of the king's speech being the key turning point, as it really fueled the desire for fighting in the Continental army. Had the King made a very different speech, calling for peace and cooperation, the weapons from Ticonderoga may never have been needed in the first place.
Christian Graf
ReplyDeletePreview/Predict-
Chapter 1- I predicted that chapter 1 would describe King George the 3rd's history and entire life up to the Revolutionary war, and the politics, such as parliament, in England.
Chapter 2- I predicted that chapter 2 would describe the rebel American rabble (army) and George Washington and the other major officials rise to power. I also predicted that the American army would be worse off than the English army due to lack of supplies and that the British army would retreat and evacuate Boston from the Pictures (Pg.52-53).
Chapter 3- I Predicted that chapter 3 would be about Dorchester heights and how the Americans would lay siege to Boston.
Visualize
Chapter 1- I visualize King George the III as a sane and standard king who tries to keep his country in order and slowly declines from normality into insanity due to a hereditary illness.
Chapter 2- I visualized the American army without a standard uniform except for General Washington in his Grand Blue Uniform. I also pictured the mess of tents (and lack of them) and latrines scattered throughout the army camp. I also visualized the neat disciplined British army as well as the one officer in the American army who keeps his soldiers disciplined and has enough tents for his men. I also picture the preparations involved throughout the army and the training new recruits endure.
Chapter 3- I visualize the American army attempting the impossible and fortifying Dorchester Heights under the cover of hay bales and night. I also picture the bombardment of shells/ mortars on each of the apposing armies, and the hasty retreat of the British leaving 40,000 to 50,000 pounds worth of supplies for the American army.
Turning Point- I believe the turning point of the war was a combination of both the Kings Speech that enraged so many Americans and the weapons from Ticonderoga. Both of these events had to occur in order to incite rebellion and equip the rebellious people. These events gave Americas the weapons and the "fire" to lay siege to Boston.
Change and Continuity- The morale of the American Soldiers increased from the victory in Boston and may encourage other Americans to join the army and fight for their country. The British have suffered a retreat and lost supplies to the Americans in their wake. The British army may have less morale due to the loss or they may be an injured animal, and greatly angered by the loss of Boston, thus fueling future attacks and actions.
I agree with Mark's comment about the arrogance of the British Officers that attended balls and other social functions and didn't take advantage of positions like Dorchester Heights. I also believe that the style of fighting was different back then. The British would sometimes fight in lines of three where the first would shoot, kneel and reload followed by the 2nd and 3rd line to keep a constant volley. Whereas the Americans would hide behind trees and rocks or any cover they could find. Granted some of the American Officers did the same thing in the beginning of the war because they were from England as well. The British also eventually thought this method futile and ceased firing in lines.
Chris Werner
ReplyDeletePreview/Predict:
Based on the title of the first section, "The Siege", I predicted this section of the book would be about the British forces trying to eliminate the farmer rebels. Also, I thought it would deal more with the battle strategies of both sides in an effort to win the war.
Visualize:
My visualization of the British forces is well-organized, numerous, and well-trained/supplied. On the other hand, I visualized Washington's Army as somewhat organized, scattered, and using what little supplies they can get their hands on. Also, I pictured the rebels as stealthful due their guerilla-war fighting strategy.
Turning Points:
The victory at Dorchester Heights has to be one of the greatest turning points in the war for the colonists. For having experienced so many losses, and then this huge victory, it must have been an answer to many of the colonists prayers, and a huge boost for their morale.
Through Their Eyes:
Many people at this time and point in the war would have probably thought the British to have the upper hand in this war. The victory at Dorchester Heights would defiantly have changed many people's opinions on who really had the upper-hand from the British to colonists.
Comment:
Christain I fully agree with you on your "Change and Continuity" Section. This would victory would have given the colonist confidence that they could truely win this war.
Sydney Povilaitis
ReplyDeleteReading Thoughts:
Preview/Predict-When I saw the title of the first chapter I initially thought that it would be about George Washington and how he assumed his duty as the commander of the colonial army. I made that prediction because i know that many colonists looked up to Washington as a great authority figure and many treated him like royalty. Also, for some reason, I assumed that this book would be entirely about the war effort in America, which is why I did not anticipate that chapter one could be about George III. Once I read the poem about the King at the beginning of the chapter however, I realized that it would be about King George III and how he and Parliament handled the rebellion in America.
Turning Points- Many of the previous people that posted said that they believed that the victory at Dorchester Heights was the biggest turning point. I believe that the biggest turning point was when Henry Knox returned with the artillery from Fort Ticonderoga. That was the biggest turning point, not only because it boosted morale but it also was the key event that set the American army up for victory at Dorchester Heights. If that event had not occurred, then the American army may not have driven the British out of Boston. Also, this event proved Henry Knox's worth to the army and I think he will play an important role in the battles to come. Another turning point was when the General Howe decided to stay for the winter. This was also a turning point because the British soldiers were not at all accustomed to winter in the colonies and consequently they suffered, many of their watchmen dying as a result of the cold. And of course, the victory at Dorchester Heights was a major turning point because after many months and a hard winter, the Americans finally drove the British from Boston. Not only did this victory boost morale but it also proved that the American army had potential in overcoming the British in the colonies.
Sydney Povilaitis
ReplyDeleteReading like a Historian:
Visualize- The part of this section that I was most able to visualize was Reverend William Emerson's account of the American encampments on pages 28-29. Before reading this passage I already knew that the American army was unorganized but reading Emerson's journal entry really gave me a sense of how unorganized it really was. Emerson's description made me feel like I was actually following him around the camp and seeing all the misshapen tents. I like the fact that each soldier's tent reflected his own personality and also his origins. The diversity of the camps demonstrated the diversity of the American colonies and how so many different people were working together for one cause. Nathanael Green's regiment also showed how well read he was in the ways of war and also how seriously he was committed to an honorable war effort.
Cause/Effect- To many, the fact that the American army was not nearly as organized as the British army may seem a shortcoming. However, their disorder as an army did prove to give some benefits. One benefit is that soldiers like Henry Knox, who were merely bookstore owners before the war, were given the chance to prove their worth to the army and offer ideas. Washington was so desperate for guns since the army was short on money that he was willing to entrust $1,000 to a soldier who had no experience, and who was trying to accomplish a mission that many had deemed impossible. In the British army, all of the generals and other authority figures were already appointed so there would have been little chance that they would have trusted a commoner with such a responsibility. Another benefit that the American army gained with being less organized than the British was that at times the British undAnderestimated them. "According to the diary of one British officer, a few of the British did find out as early as February 29, from deserters and a spy referred to only as 'Junius,' that the rebels intended to 'bombard the town from Dorchester' (p. 90). This passage shows that the British knew five days in advance that there was a possibility of an attack on Boston, yet they did not take it seriously. The only reason that they would not take the information from one of their own spies would be because they did not believe the attack to be possible and because they did not believe that the Americans could pull off the attack. Of course there were downsides to the disorganization of the American army like the lack of resources and lack of command at times, but at times the benefits outweighed the obstacles.
Comment:
Michaela, hat is a very good point, that the technology of the day made it very hard for the soldiers to communicate with their families. I can't imagine how inefficient it would be to send a letter from Boston to Maine or Virginia. And all that time the letter was on its way, the soldiers family might think that he was dead.
Zach Holdridge
ReplyDeletePreview/Predict
When I first opened the book, I took note of the section title, "The Siege." After reading that, I predicted the chapter would be much about a key battle of the Revolutionary War. I was correct in this prediciton, but I was not ready for the level of details related to important figures of the war. I assumed much more would have been abou the battle itself.
Connections
While reading this section of the book, I could not help but think of numerous sports movies where an underdog group of rag-tag players comes together under a strong leader, to upset the heavyweight favorite. The similarity is seen by the poorly trained Continental Army under the strong leadership of Washington finding a way to defeat the British.
Turning Points
The major turning point was the siege of Boston itself. While many other events fueled the rebel cause, the victory at Boston showed the world that the Continental Army was a capable fighting force, and it gave the cause for Independence greater momentum. Another turning point was the arrival of artillery from Fort Ticonderoga. This boosted the morale of the Continental Army, and it was the main driving force behind the success of the Siege.
Differing Perspectives
The main differing perspectives in this section that can be seen is between the Separatists and the Loyalists. The Loyalists felt the government in Britain had been fair in its treating of the colonies. The members of the Continental Army and the Separatists felt that they were being unjustly dealt with by the British government, because they lacked representation in the British Parliament.
Comment (Chris Werner)
Chris, I agree with your Through Their Eyes paragraph, because I feel that most people at that time did not think that the Continental Army would be much of a match for the British, who were the world’s major power at the time.
Mark Hruska
ReplyDeletePreview And Predict: Based on the title "The Siege" and sub-titles Sovereign Duty, Rabble in Arms, and Dorchester Heights. I quickly concluded that the first chapter "Sovereign Duty" would be about the British and how they were dealing with all the rebelling taking place in the American Colonies. When I read the second chapter "Rabble in Arms" I thought to myself that must be talking about the American Army because the word Rabble means a crowd that is noisy and hard to control. Which the Americans were clearly doing but with Arms(guns). The last chapter of the section "Dorchester Heights" to me meant a battle taking place at Dorchester Heights where everything could change.
Visualize: As reading I pictured everything from the British army in their redcoats, a well-organized strategy, and top of the line weapons. On the other side of things I pictured the Americans in ragged clothing and the hundreds of men who had never fought in a war before.
Turning Point: As many would agree the major turning point in this section was when the American Colonists took over Dorchester Heights. This severly made the British rethinks strategy while on the other hand this gave great hope for the colonist. This boosted the colonists very much and gave them something to fight for.
Cause and Effect: A main factor was the winters in Boston which greatly hurt both sides. The British a little more that the Rebels because they were not use to the harsh climate. Althought it was also tough on the Rebels they knew what was coming and were prepared much more than the British. With almost no supplies for the British this was the factor of the white flag.
Comment:In response to Ben Gorichs, I would have to totally agree on the young inexperienced leaders such as Henry Knox was a bookseller at the age of thirty five and Nathaniel Green was age twenty five and somehow they still managed to be successful
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